Poverty induced artisanal mining impact on municipal water utilities; the case of kpapi river in Minna, Nigeria

J.J. Dukiya, S. Ojoye, G. Morenikeji
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Abstract

That unemployment, poverty, artisanal mining, and community vulnerability are interwoven is re-emphasizing the reality of life. This study assesses the effect of artisanal mining activities on River Kpapi and the adjoining settlements in Minna putting into consideration Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG8). Observatory field survey was carried out on the entire river channel, and laboratory analysis of water samples taking to determine its hydro-chemical and Water Quality Index (WQI) characteristics using the silver nitrate method of the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the Water Quality Index (WQI) mathematical model. Questionnaires were also administered to the adjoining communities on river water usability. The result revealed that the hydro-chemical parameters heavy metals of Cd, Pb and Cr2+ with mean concentrations of 0.04 ​mg/l, 0.39 ​mg/l and 0.44 ​mg/l respectively are above WHO permissible limit. Also, the WQI varies from 2045.35 ​at middle course, 2709.89 ​at the upper course and 30.87.46 ​at the lower course is above the tolerance level for human consumption. The study, therefore, recommended that both the riparian and the solid mineral law should be under the state government to ease implementation and that the artisanal miners and that inclusive planning should be adhere to in all policy formation.

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贫困导致的手工采矿对市政供水设施的影响;尼日利亚明纳 kpapi 河的案例
失业、贫困、手工采矿和社区脆弱性交织在一起,再次凸显了生活的现实。考虑到可持续发展目标 8(SDG8),本研究评估了手工采矿活动对 Kpapi 河及明纳毗邻定居点的影响。对整个河道进行了实地观察调查,并对水样进行了实验室分析,以使用美国公共卫生协会(APHA)的硝酸银法和水质指数(WQI)数学模型确定其水化学和水质指数(WQI)特征。此外,还向邻近社区发放了关于河水可用性的调查问卷。结果显示,水化学参数重金属 Cd、Pb 和 Cr2+ 的平均浓度分别为 0.04 毫克/升、0.39 毫克/升和 0.44 毫克/升,均高于世界卫生组织的允许限值。此外,水质指数在中层水道为 2045.35,上层水道为 2709.89,下层水道为 30.87.46,均高于人类消费的容忍水平。因此,该研究建议,河岸法和固体矿产法均应由州政府负责实施,以方便个体采矿者,并在所有政策制定过程中坚持包容性规划。
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