Sonographic Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness of Carotid Arteries in Hypertensive and Diabetic Volunteers

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are among the most common causes of arteriosclerotic diseases. Intima-media thickness is usually increased with arterial diseases and an increase in carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is associated with the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study was designed to sonographically compare the cIMT in hypertensive and DM patient volunteers. Materials and Methods: A case-control stratified study was conducted at Lahore imaging center. Patients were invited to the study had to more than 30 years of age, DM, and hypertension. Individuals from the same age group without hypertension and DM were invited as study controls. Patients with an endarterectomy, or other arterial interventional procedure, as well as a previous history of cardiovascular disease and stroke, were excluded. Results: The mean cIMT, within the right carotid artery was 0.53 mm for the control group, 0.69 mm for the DM group, 0.67 mm for the hypertensive group, and 0.98 mm for the DM and hypertensive patients. The mean cIMT of the left carotid artery was 0.56 mm for the control group, 0.7 mm for DM group, 0.68 mm for hypertensive group, and 1.01 mm for the DM and hypertensive patients. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the mean cIMT among DM and non-DM individuals. The control group and the DM or hypertension group also differed significantly. However, a more significant difference was found in the mean cIMT within the common carotid artery of control group as well as those with both DM and hypertension.