Part time jobs, fragmentation and work instability: light on the gender gap in Emilia-Romagna

IF 4.6 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR International Journal of Manpower Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI:10.1108/ijm-12-2022-0595
Maria Giovanna Bosco, Elisa Valeriani
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Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate if, given personal, supply-related features, and labour demand-related variables, there is a difference in the share of women finding more stable jobs with respect to men, in an eight-year time span. Design/methodology/approach Fragmentation leads to a lower probability of transitioning into more certain, full-time work positions. The authors analyse a rich cohort of dependent workers in Emilia-Romagna to investigate whether part-time jobs lead to full-time jobs in a “stepping-stone” fashion and whether this happens with the same probability for men and women. The focus is on the cost of part-time jobs rather than the contrast between permanent and temporary jobs, as often observed in the literature. The authors also evaluate the transition between part-time job formulae and open-ended work arrangements to determine whether women's transition to full-fledged, stable work positions is slightly rarer than their male counterparts. Even if the authors allow for the fact that part-time contracts can be a choice and not an obligation, these contracts generate more flexibility in managing the equilibrium between private and work life and create more uncertainty than full-time contracts because of the fragmentation associated with these arrangements. Findings The authors find that women have a more fragmented working career than men, in that they hold more contracts than men in the same time span; moreover, the authors find that part-time jobs act more as bottlenecks for women than for men. Originality/value The authors use a large administrative dataset with over 600,000 workers observed in the 2008–2015 time span, in Emilia Romagna, Italy. The authors can disentangle the number of contracts per worker and observe individual, anonymise personal features, that the authors consider in the authors' propensity score estimate. The authors ran a robustness check of the PSM estimates through coarsened exact matching (CEM).
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兼职工作、碎片化和工作不稳定性:艾米利亚-罗马涅的性别差距
本文的目的是评估在给定个人、供给相关特征和劳动力需求相关变量的情况下,在八年的时间跨度内,女性相对于男性找到更稳定工作的比例是否存在差异。设计/方法/方法碎片化导致过渡到更确定的全职工作岗位的可能性更低。作者分析了艾米利亚-罗马涅一群富裕的依赖工人,以调查兼职工作是否以“垫脚石”的方式导致全职工作,以及这种情况发生在男性和女性身上的概率是否相同。重点是兼职工作的成本,而不是像文献中经常观察到的那样,永久性工作和临时性工作之间的对比。作者还评估了兼职工作模式和开放式工作安排之间的转变,以确定女性过渡到成熟、稳定的工作岗位是否比男性稍微少一些。即使作者承认兼职合同可以是一种选择而不是一种义务,这些合同在管理私人生活和工作生活之间的平衡方面产生了更大的灵活性,也比全职合同产生了更多的不确定性,因为与这些安排相关的碎片化。作者发现,女性的职业生涯比男性更碎片化,因为在相同的时间跨度内,她们比男性拥有更多的合同;此外,作者还发现,与男性相比,兼职工作对女性来说更像是瓶颈。作者使用了意大利艾米利亚罗马涅(Emilia Romagna) 2008年至2015年期间观察到的60多万名工人的大型管理数据集。作者可以解开每个工人的合同数量,并观察个人,匿名个人特征,作者在作者的倾向得分估计中考虑到这些特征。作者通过粗化精确匹配(CEM)对PSM估计进行了鲁棒性检查。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
11.40%
发文量
80
期刊介绍: ■Employee welfare ■Human aspects during the introduction of technology ■Human resource recruitment, retention and development ■National and international aspects of HR planning ■Objectives of human resource planning and forecasting requirements ■The working environment
期刊最新文献
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