Insomnia and Influencing Factors in Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Objective: Although there have been studies examining the frequency of insomnia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, there have been no studies investigating insomnia in outpatients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of insomnia in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the factors influencing the presence of insomnia . Methods: The study included outpatients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by PCR, without any hospitalization indication. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were applied to the patients included in the study. The factors influencing the presence of insomnia were examined with a logistic regression test. Results: A total of 351 patients were included in the study. Insomnia was considered in 127 patients (36.2%) when the ISI score was ≥8 positive. When HADS scores were considered ≥8 positive, it was thought that 89 (25.4%) patients may have experienced depression and 66 (18.8%) anxiety. When the parameters influencing the presence of insomnia were evaluated by a logistic regression test, the presence of headache (p<0.0001; OR: 2.9) and fever (p=0.043; OR: 1.85) was found to be significant. It was found that the fact that anxiety (p=0.01; OR: 3.36) and depression scores were ≥8 (p=0.018; OR: 2.16) which have a significant effect on the presence of insomnia. Conclusion: Our study shows that the COVID-19 pandemic, even in mild cases, may cause sleep disorders associated with anxiety and depression triggered by both the symptoms of the infection and its negative effects on the lifestyle of society.