Study of Dysfunction in the Neural Systems in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review Article

Abstract

One of the worst developmental abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder, is often identified before the age of three. All forms of autism impair people's capacity to communicate with others, despite the fact that each person's symptoms and degree of severity vary. Despite the fact that there is no known cure for autism, children who receive prompt and serious treatment see significant improvements in their quality of life. The deficiencies in social functioning seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorders may be brought on by diseases of the neurological systems responsible for processing social information, according to research in the field of social neuroscience. This study examined the available evidence on the neurological underpinnings of autism spectrum disorders. The outcomes demonstrated aberrant activity in sections of the mirror nerve system and its three interrelated regions that are engaged in social perception, areas related to action observation, and regions that are involved in theory of mind. These findings point to faulty social information processing in autism spectrum disorders, which are characterized by flaws in the neurological systems responsible for social perception, action comprehension, and theory of mind. These results emphasize the involvement of the posterior superior temporal sulcus as a common location in all three systems and offer a framework for understanding the brain processes underlying social deficiencies in autism spectrum disorders.