Alan Bush, Modern Music, and the Cold War: The Cultural Left in Britain and the Communist Bloc by Joanna Bullivant (review)

IF 0.2 3区 艺术学 0 MUSIC FONTES ARTIS MUSICAE Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.1353/fam.2023.a909194
Cameron Pyke
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While acknowledging that the book is not a comprehensive survey of Bush’s works and career, omitting, for example, a full consideration of his symphonic output, Joanna Bullivant considers the ‘contradictory impulses’ and ‘complex subjectivity’ that define it with a refreshing nuance and sharp understanding of historical detail. Bullivant’s survey is particularly impressive in Bush’s post-war relationship with the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), through opera commissions and his ‘intimate role’ in the development of its music. Bullivant rightly views this engagement as the culmination of his longstanding creative relationship with German political and cultural émigrés, and also relates these works to the régime’s cultural preoccupations. Her assessments of Wat Tyler, The Sugar Reapers, and Joe Hill are particularly astute in their cultural reference. Pertinent comparisons could perhaps have been made with the reception of Benjamin Britten’s operas behind the Iron Curtain, and more reference could have been made to Bush’s correspondence with Grigori Shneerson of the Soviet Union’s Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS), but this is impressive and important analysis and research, nonetheless, shedding significant light on Cold War cultural politics. Bush’s relationships with modernism and with ‘late-style’ aesthetics are also discussed with sensitivity. The book employs a significant number of musical examples to illustrate the text. These are clearly presented and discussed in a refreshingly jargon-free way. Bullivant makes a case for a positive reassessment of Bush as ‘a prolific and thoughtful commentator who placed modern music and politics at the heart of his aesthetic concerns’ (p. 19); he is ‘a focal point’ for a fuller understanding of British music. In seeking to substantiate this, she does not downplay what she sees as Bush’s more questionable political judgements, but convincingly highlights continuities in compositional principles and his ‘developing Communist selfhood’ (p. 143). She also astutely highlights some affinities between his personal vision of English music and composers such as Michael Tippett, Britten, and Ralph Vaughan Williams: allusions, for example, to Christian ritual in The Pilgrim’s Progress and Wat Tyler. These are well-judged, though points of similarity and difference could perhaps have been explored further: why, for example, was it Britten rather than Bush who, of all British composers, established an abiding artistic and personal relationship with a major Soviet composer? It is perhaps only in attempting an overall assessment of Bush that the author’s conclusions raise further questions. She makes a case for absorbing this Communist composer into modern British culture on the basis that he was ‘intimately linked with the most important issues in British culture in the mid-twentieth [End Page 270] century’; in this respect, ‘in all their contradictions, Bush’s works show us precisely what British music is’. Marginal figures in music can of course shed light on the mainstream (Josef Holbrooke might be another case in point), but one is left with a lingering question: at a time when so many of Bush’s preoccupations seem dated, is this music essentially ephemeral, an historical curiosity, or still innately worthy of analysis and performance? Bullivant rather skirts the question. The pre-war workers’ music remains ‘an extraordinary and intriguing project’; Wat Tyler is ‘an intriguing monument to British culture’; while Lidiče ‘was and remains a moving act of remembrance’. 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Abstract

Reviewed by: Alan Bush, Modern Music, and the Cold War: The Cultural Left in Britain and the Communist Bloc by Joanna Bullivant Cameron Pyke Alan Bush, Modern Music, and the Cold War: The Cultural Left in Britain and the Communist Bloc. By Joanna Bullivant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. [288 p. ISBN 978-1-107-03336-8 (hardback). £88.99; ISBN 978-1-009-15879-4 (paperback). £22.99)] This is an elegantly written and thought-provoking assessment of the work and political and cultural contexts of the composer Alan Bush (1900–1995). While acknowledging that the book is not a comprehensive survey of Bush’s works and career, omitting, for example, a full consideration of his symphonic output, Joanna Bullivant considers the ‘contradictory impulses’ and ‘complex subjectivity’ that define it with a refreshing nuance and sharp understanding of historical detail. Bullivant’s survey is particularly impressive in Bush’s post-war relationship with the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR), through opera commissions and his ‘intimate role’ in the development of its music. Bullivant rightly views this engagement as the culmination of his longstanding creative relationship with German political and cultural émigrés, and also relates these works to the régime’s cultural preoccupations. Her assessments of Wat Tyler, The Sugar Reapers, and Joe Hill are particularly astute in their cultural reference. Pertinent comparisons could perhaps have been made with the reception of Benjamin Britten’s operas behind the Iron Curtain, and more reference could have been made to Bush’s correspondence with Grigori Shneerson of the Soviet Union’s Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries (VOKS), but this is impressive and important analysis and research, nonetheless, shedding significant light on Cold War cultural politics. Bush’s relationships with modernism and with ‘late-style’ aesthetics are also discussed with sensitivity. The book employs a significant number of musical examples to illustrate the text. These are clearly presented and discussed in a refreshingly jargon-free way. Bullivant makes a case for a positive reassessment of Bush as ‘a prolific and thoughtful commentator who placed modern music and politics at the heart of his aesthetic concerns’ (p. 19); he is ‘a focal point’ for a fuller understanding of British music. In seeking to substantiate this, she does not downplay what she sees as Bush’s more questionable political judgements, but convincingly highlights continuities in compositional principles and his ‘developing Communist selfhood’ (p. 143). She also astutely highlights some affinities between his personal vision of English music and composers such as Michael Tippett, Britten, and Ralph Vaughan Williams: allusions, for example, to Christian ritual in The Pilgrim’s Progress and Wat Tyler. These are well-judged, though points of similarity and difference could perhaps have been explored further: why, for example, was it Britten rather than Bush who, of all British composers, established an abiding artistic and personal relationship with a major Soviet composer? It is perhaps only in attempting an overall assessment of Bush that the author’s conclusions raise further questions. She makes a case for absorbing this Communist composer into modern British culture on the basis that he was ‘intimately linked with the most important issues in British culture in the mid-twentieth [End Page 270] century’; in this respect, ‘in all their contradictions, Bush’s works show us precisely what British music is’. Marginal figures in music can of course shed light on the mainstream (Josef Holbrooke might be another case in point), but one is left with a lingering question: at a time when so many of Bush’s preoccupations seem dated, is this music essentially ephemeral, an historical curiosity, or still innately worthy of analysis and performance? Bullivant rather skirts the question. The pre-war workers’ music remains ‘an extraordinary and intriguing project’; Wat Tyler is ‘an intriguing monument to British culture’; while Lidiče ‘was and remains a moving act of remembrance’. An alternative reading might be that whereas Britten, Tippett, and Vaughan Williams were able to renew their art beyond the preoccupations of the 1930s and war years, inspiring other composers such as Elizabeth Maconchy and William Mathias and engaging selectively with elements of musical modernism, the short-lived dissemination of Bush’s operas...
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《艾伦·布什、现代音乐与冷战:英国文化左翼与共产主义阵营》乔安娜·布利凡特著(书评)
《现代音乐与冷战:英国和共产主义阵营的文化左派》作者:艾伦·布什乔安娜·布利凡特著。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社,2022。[288页。ISBN 978-1-107-03336-8(精装本)。]£88.99;ISBN 978-1-009-15879-4(平装本)。这是对作曲家艾伦·布什(1900-1995)的作品以及政治和文化背景的一份文笔优美、发人深省的评估。乔安娜·布利凡特承认,这本书并不是对布什的作品和职业生涯的全面调查,例如,遗漏了对他的交响乐作品的充分考虑,但她以一种令人耳目一新的细微差别和对历史细节的敏锐理解,思考了“矛盾的冲动”和“复杂的主观性”。Bullivant的调查尤其令人印象深刻的是布什战后与德意志民主共和国(DDR)的关系,通过歌剧委员会和他在其音乐发展中的“亲密作用”。Bullivant正确地将这种参与视为他与德国政治和文化的长期创作关系的高潮,并将这些作品与德国的文化关注点联系起来。她对沃特·泰勒、《收糖者》和乔·希尔的评价在文化参考方面尤为敏锐。或许可以将其与本杰明·布里顿的歌剧在铁幕后的受欢迎程度进行相关的比较,并更多地参考布什与苏联对外文化关系协会(VOKS)的格里戈里·施尼森的通信,但这是令人印象深刻的重要分析和研究,尽管如此,对冷战文化政治有重要的启示。布什与现代主义和“晚期”美学的关系也被敏感地讨论。这本书用了大量的音乐例子来说明课文。这些都以一种令人耳目一新的术语自由的方式清晰地呈现和讨论。Bullivant对布什进行了积极的重新评价,认为他是“一位多产而有思想的评论家,将现代音乐和政治置于他美学关注的核心”(第19页);他是更全面了解英国音乐的“焦点”。为了证明这一点,她并没有淡化她认为布什更有问题的政治判断,而是令人信服地强调了构成原则的连续性和他“发展中的共产主义自我”(第143页)。她还敏锐地强调了他个人对英国音乐的看法与迈克尔·蒂皮特、布里顿和拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉姆斯等作曲家之间的一些相似之处:例如,《天路历程》和《泰勒教堂》中的基督教仪式。这些都是正确的判断,尽管相似点和不同点也许可以进一步探讨:例如,为什么是布里顿而不是布什,在所有英国作曲家中,与一位主要的苏联作曲家建立了持久的艺术和个人关系?也许只有在试图对布什进行全面评估时,作者的结论才引发了进一步的问题。她提出了将这位共产主义作曲家吸收到现代英国文化中的理由,因为他“与20世纪中期英国文化中最重要的问题密切相关”;在这方面,“在所有的矛盾中,布什的作品准确地向我们展示了什么是英国音乐”。音乐中的边缘人物当然可以揭示主流音乐(约瑟夫·霍尔布鲁克可能是另一个例子),但一个挥之不去的问题是:在布什的许多关注点似乎过时的时候,这种音乐本质上是短暂的,是历史的好奇心,还是仍然天生值得分析和表演?Bullivant回避了这个问题。战前工人的音乐仍然是“一个非凡而有趣的项目”;泰勒城堡是“一座迷人的英国文化纪念碑”;而lidi“过去是,现在仍然是一个感人的纪念行为”。另一种解读可能是,尽管布里顿、蒂皮特和沃恩·威廉姆斯能够在20世纪30年代和战争年代的关注之外更新他们的艺术,激励其他作曲家,如伊丽莎白·马孔奇和威廉·马蒂亚斯,并有选择地参与音乐现代主义元素,布什歌剧的短暂传播……
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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