Engineering Low-Cost Banana Peel Derived Biochar for the Highly Adsorption Capacity of Metformin Hydrochloride Drug from Aqueous Solution on Chemical Activation

Abstract

Adsorption is one of the easiest and best ways to purify water. In recent years, the adsorption process has been adopted to purify drinking water. Using adsorption technology to remove the most dangerous types of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, such as (metformin hydrochloride MF-HCl drug), and a primary goal of this empirical study utilizing banana peels as derived biochar activated carbon (ACBP) to remove MF-HCl drug. The FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD and TEM technique was utilized to estimate the surface characteristics before and after the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity Qe mg/g and percentage removed E% increase with increasing equilibrium time and, solution temperature and pH. The adsorption capacity Qe mg/g Qe mg/g decreases with increasing of adsorbent dosage. Thermodynamics including (ΔH), (ΔS) and (ΔG) are found to be endothermic and spontaneous. Results show that the MF-HCl drug adsorbed amount on ACBP was 147.59 mg/g. The adsorbent was treated via several acids like as (H3PO4, HNO3, HCl and H2SO4). The obvious from the results the best removal percentage E% when the adsorbent was treated via HCl. This is may be due to the increase in acid acidity caused by reactivating the active sites for the adsorbent surface. From the results obtained, ACBP are eco-friendly, extensive, and effective as an adsorbent, giving a promising prospect for removing wastewater.