Orthogonal ring patterns in the plane

Abstract

Abstract We introduce orthogonal ring patterns consisting of pairs of concentric circles generalizing circle patterns. We show that orthogonal ring patterns are governed by the same equation as circle patterns. For every ring pattern there exists a one parameter family of patterns that interpolates between a circle pattern and its dual. We construct ring patterns analogues of the Doyle spiral, Erf and $$z^\alpha $$ z α functions. We also derive a variational principle and compute ring patterns based on Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions.