A comprehensive study of the estuary sea environment in the Bay of Bengal, near the Mahanadi River confluence

Discover Water Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI:10.1007/s43832-023-00044-y

Sharada Shrinivas Pati, Sumitra Nayak, Sangeeta Mishra, Bhabani Shankar Panda, Suravi Susmita Mahala, Sarat Kumar Mohanty, Rajaram Behera, Niranjan Mallick, Kailasam Murugesan

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Abstract

Abstract This study focuses on the environmental conditions of the Mahanadi Estuary near Paradeep Harbor and the adjacent sea. Data collected from May 2013 to April 2020 from 32 GPS fixed stations was analyzed to assess the water quality in different zones (estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north) of study area. Parameters such as pH, SST, TSS, nitrite, phosphate, silicate, TOC, chlorophyll, fecal coliform, and heavy metals were used to estimate the Water Quality Index (WQI) for each zone. The study found a deterioration (> 30%) in the overall water quality of the Mahanadi Estuary from 2013 to 2020, potentially attributed to river inflows, port activities, and industrial outflows in to the coastal ecosystem. Seasonal variations in temperature, salinity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia were observed. The water quality showed a deteriorating trend in estuarine, mixed zone, mixed zone south, and mixed zone north. Based on the water quality indices, the ecosystem shows moderate levels of stress. The degraded water quality highlights the need for a targeted mitigation plan to reduce external pressures and enhance the overall ecosystem quality. Graphical Abstract

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孟加拉湾马哈纳迪河汇合处附近入海口海洋环境的综合研究

摘要本文对帕拉深港附近Mahanadi河口及其邻近海域的环境状况进行了研究。通过对2013年5月至2020年4月32个GPS固定站数据的分析，对研究区河口、混合区、混合区南部、混合区北部不同区域的水质进行了评价。采用pH、SST、TSS、亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、TOC、叶绿素、粪便大肠菌群和重金属等参数估算各区域水质指数(WQI)。该研究发现了一种恶化(>从2013年到2020年，Mahanadi河口的整体水质下降了30%，这可能归因于河流流入、港口活动和工业向沿海生态系统的流出。观察到温度、盐度、浊度、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和氨的季节性变化。河口、混合区、南部混合区、北部混合区水质呈恶化趋势。水质指标表明，生态系统处于中等压力状态。水质退化突出表明，需要制定一项有针对性的缓解计划，以减少外部压力，提高整个生态系统的质量。图形抽象

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Discover Water water research-

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23 days

期刊介绍： Discover Water is part of the Discover journal series committed to providing a streamlined submission process, rapid review and publication, and a high level of author service at every stage. It is an open access, community-focussed journal publishing research from across all fields relevant to water research. Discover Water is a broad, open access journal publishing research from across all fields relevant to the science and technology of water research and management. Discover Water covers not only research on water as a resource, for example for drinking, agriculture and sanitation, but also the impact of society on water, such as the effect of human activities on water availability and pollution. As such it looks at the overall role of water at a global level, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes, and social, policy, and public health implications. It is also intended that articles published in Discover Water may help to support and accelerate United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6: ‘Clean water and sanitation’.