Dysregulation of Non-Coding RNAs: Roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma

IF 3.6 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Non-Coding RNA Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI:10.3390/ncrna9060068

Nor Hayati Ismail, Ali Mussa, Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat, Shafini Mohamed Yusoff, Azlan Husin, Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal, Muhammad Farid Johan, Md Asiful Islam

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Abstract

The dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), leads to the development and advancement of multiple myeloma (MM). miRNAs, in particular, are paramount in post-transcriptional gene regulation, promoting mRNA degradation and translational inhibition. As a result, miRNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors depending on the target genes. In MM, miRNA disruption could result in abnormal gene expression responsible for cell growth, apoptosis, and other biological processes pertinent to cancer development. The dysregulated miRNAs inhibit the activity of tumor suppressor genes, contributing to disease progression. Nonetheless, several miRNAs are downregulated in MM and have been identified as gene regulators implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion. miRNA depletion potentially facilitates the tumor advancement and resistance of therapeutic drugs. Additionally, lncRNAs are key regulators of numerous cellular processes, such as gene expression, chromatin remodeling, protein trafficking, and recently linked MM development. The lncRNAs are uniquely expressed and influence gene expression that supports MM growth, in addition to facilitating cellular proliferation and viability via multiple molecular pathways. miRNA and lncRNA alterations potentially result in anomalous gene expression and interfere with the regular functioning of MM. Thus, this review aims to highlight the dysregulation of these ncRNAs, which engender novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of MM.

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非编码rna的失调:mirna和lncrna在多发性骨髓瘤发病中的作用

非编码rna (ncRNAs)，特别是microRNAs (miRNAs)和长链非编码rna (lncRNAs)的失调导致多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的发生和进展。尤其是mirna，在转录后基因调控、促进mRNA降解和翻译抑制中起着至关重要的作用。因此，根据靶基因的不同，mirna可以作为致癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因。在MM中，miRNA破坏可能导致负责细胞生长、凋亡和其他与癌症发展相关的生物学过程的基因表达异常。失调的mirna抑制肿瘤抑制基因的活性，促进疾病进展。尽管如此，一些mirna在MM中下调，并被确定为参与细胞外基质重塑和细胞粘附的基因调节因子。miRNA的缺失可能会促进肿瘤的进展和治疗药物的耐药性。此外，lncrna是许多细胞过程的关键调节因子，如基因表达、染色质重塑、蛋白质运输和最近相关的MM发展。除了通过多种分子途径促进细胞增殖和活力外，lncrna的独特表达和影响支持MM生长的基因表达。miRNA和lncRNA的改变可能导致基因表达异常并干扰MM的正常功能。因此，本文旨在强调这些ncrna的失调，从而为MM的治疗提供新的治疗方式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Non-Coding RNA Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

4.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： Functional studies dealing with identification, structure-function relationships or biological activity of: small regulatory RNAs (miRNAs, siRNAs and piRNAs) associated with the RNA interference pathway small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar and tRNAs derived small RNAs other types of small RNAs, such as those associated with splice junctions and transcription start sites long non-coding RNAs, including antisense RNAs, long ''intergenic'' RNAs, intronic RNAs and ''enhancer'' RNAs other classes of RNAs such as vault RNAs, scaRNAs, circular RNAs, 7SL RNAs, telomeric and centromeric RNAs regulatory functions of mRNAs and UTR-derived RNAs catalytic and allosteric (riboswitch) RNAs viral, transposon and repeat-derived RNAs bacterial regulatory RNAs, including CRISPR RNAS Analysis of RNA processing, RNA binding proteins, RNA signaling and RNA interaction pathways: DICER AGO, PIWI and PIWI-like proteins other classes of RNA binding and RNA transport proteins RNA interactions with chromatin-modifying complexes RNA interactions with DNA and other RNAs the role of RNA in the formation and function of specialized subnuclear organelles and other aspects of cell biology intercellular and intergenerational RNA signaling RNA processing structure-function relationships in RNA complexes RNA analyses, informatics, tools and technologies: transcriptomic analyses and technologies development of tools and technologies for RNA biology and therapeutics Translational studies involving long and short non-coding RNAs: identification of biomarkers development of new therapies involving microRNAs and other ncRNAs clinical studies involving microRNAs and other ncRNAs.

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