No‐till marginally mitigates the impact of harvesting corn stover on soil microbial parameters

IF 2.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE Soil Science Society of America Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI:10.1002/saj2.20592
Salvador Ramirez, Virginia L. Jin, Lance M. Gunderson, Marty R. Schmer, Kathryn J. Hanford, Elizabeth S. Jeske, R. A. Drijber
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Abstract

Abstract Harvesting corn stover can negatively impact soil chemical and physical properties, but less is known regarding its effects on soil microbiology. We evaluated the impact of corn ( Zea may s L.) stover removal level (SRL) on soil microbial biomass (MB) and extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs) in irrigated, continuous corn located in eastern Nebraska. Soil fatty acid‐methyl esters (FAMEs) and EEA of eight soil enzymes were measured over 2 years, 0‐ to 20‐cm soil depth, under conventional disk tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT) under three SRLs. Soil chemical properties were measured as explanatory variables for changes in soil microbial communities and their enzymatic potential. Potential EEA of all enzymes decreased with stover removal and tillage. Soil bacterial biomass (BB) and fungal biomass (FB) decreased with SRL, while mycorrhizal biomass was unresponsive. Impacts of tillage on MB groups varied by year; however, FB was consistently higher under CT. At all growth stages, NT with all stover retained, a “soil conservation target” had distinct soil enzyme and bacterial FAME profiles compared to CT across all SRLs and to NT under high and sometimes moderate SRLs. Principal component analysis of soil properties was dominated by SRL with EEAs, BB, soil organic matter (SOM), water‐extractable carbon, and H 3 A‐extractable potassium being positively correlated to stover retention. Reduced input of microbial substrates also led to a loss of fine particulate organic matter, an indicator correlated to stable macroaggregation. Because NT partially ameliorated the negative impact of stover removal on BB, SOM fractions, and soil enzymes critical to nutrient cycling, pairing NT with stover removal may be more sustainable in the long term.
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免耕略微减轻了收获玉米秸秆对土壤微生物参数的影响
摘要收获玉米秸秆会对土壤理化性质产生负面影响,但对土壤微生物学的影响却知之甚少。研究了玉米秸秆去除水平(SRL)对内布拉斯加州东部灌溉连作玉米土壤微生物生物量(MB)和胞外酶活性(EEAs)的影响。在常规圆盘耕作(CT)和免耕(NT)的3种srl条件下,测定了土壤脂肪酸甲酯(FAMEs)和8种土壤酶在2年土壤深度为0 ~ 20 cm的土壤中的EEA。土壤化学性质是土壤微生物群落及其酶势变化的解释变量。所有酶的潜在EEA均随秸秆的清除和耕作而降低。土壤细菌生物量(BB)和真菌生物量(FB)随SRL的增加而减少,而菌根生物量则不受SRL的影响。不同耕作方式对MB组的影响各不相同;然而,在CT下,FB始终较高。在所有生长阶段,与所有SRLs下的CT和高SRLs(有时是中等SRLs)下的NT相比,保留所有秸秆的NT具有不同的土壤酶和细菌FAME特征。土壤性质的主成分分析以SRL为主,EEAs、BB、土壤有机质(SOM)、水可提取碳和h3a可提取钾与秸秆保留率呈正相关。微生物基质输入的减少也导致细颗粒物有机质的损失,这是与稳定的大聚集相关的指标。因为NT部分改善了秸秆去除对BB、SOM组分和对养分循环至关重要的土壤酶的负面影响,从长远来看,NT与秸秆去除相结合可能更具可持续性。
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来源期刊
Soil Science Society of America Journal
Soil Science Society of America Journal 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.40%
发文量
130
审稿时长
3.6 months
期刊介绍: SSSA Journal publishes content on soil physics; hydrology; soil chemistry; soil biology; soil biochemistry; soil fertility; plant nutrition; pedology; soil and water conservation and management; forest, range, and wildland soils; soil and plant analysis; soil mineralogy, wetland soils. The audience is researchers, students, soil scientists, hydrologists, pedologist, geologists, agronomists, arborists, ecologists, engineers, certified practitioners, soil microbiologists, and environmentalists. The journal publishes original research, issue papers, reviews, notes, comments and letters to the editor, and book reviews. Invitational papers may be published in the journal if accepted by the editorial board.
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