Diets and Chronic Lung Diseases: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and asthma contribute significantly to the mortality of the human population. Many advances exist in treating chronic lung disease, but clinicians and researchers must address dietary intervention better. Malnutrition has a bidirectional link with tuberculosis (TB). Calorie-rich and protein-rich diets are to be advised to the TB patient. Cachexia is detrimental as well as obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. So optimal weight management is very much crucial in COPD management. A vitamin D-rich diet rich in fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is to be included in the diet of COPD patients. Oily, salt food is to be avoided by asthma patients. Junk and oily food increase the risk of asthma exacerbation. Milk consumption does not affect asthma symptoms to be included in an asthma patient’s diet. Weight reduction will improve the apnea-hypopnea index in OSA patients. Low carbohydrate food is to be advised for OSA patients. India is culturally diverse. So diet chart will be provided to all chronic lung disease patients based on individual, social, and cultural needs.