Evaluation of Contrast Radiography and Computed Tomography in Sex Determination of Gila Monsters (Heloderma suspectum)

Caitlin M. Cunningham, Mike Corcoran
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Abstract

Abstract Sex determination in reptiles is important for implementing appropriate husbandry, successful pairing for breeding programs, and reproductive medical care. In reptile species that are not sexually dimorphic, accuracy in sex determination is dependent upon methods other than physical observation. Preferred sexing techniques should be quick, noninvasive, and reliable, and they should be able to be performed by veterinarians with a broad range of reptile experience. Vast anatomical differences among reptiles make the efficacy of these techniques highly variable between species. This study evaluated hemipenis contrast radiography and computed tomography techniques, previously described in other Heloderma species, to determine reliability in sexing 23 Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum). The results were compared to the sex determined by coelomic ultrasound, which indicated that there were 8 females and 15 males. Identification of hemipenes in males was shown in 1/15 (7%) by contrast radiography and 9/15 (60%) by hemipenis contrast computed tomography. Outline of the cloacal rim in females was seen in 100% (8/8) by contrast radiography and 100% (8/8) by contrast computed tomography. Our findings suggest that contrast radiography and computed tomography are not reliable methods for sex determination in Gila monsters, and that coelomic ultrasound is currently the most reliable, noninvasive technique for this species.
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x线造影术和计算机断层扫描技术在水蛭性别鉴定中的应用价值
摘要爬行动物的性别决定对于实施适当的饲养、成功的配对繁殖计划和生殖医疗保健具有重要意义。在非两性二态的爬行动物物种中,性别决定的准确性依赖于物理观察以外的方法。首选的性别鉴定技术应该是快速、无创和可靠的,并且应该能够由具有广泛爬行动物经验的兽医执行。爬行动物之间巨大的解剖差异使得这些技术的效果在不同物种之间变化很大。本研究评估了半阴茎造影和计算机断层扫描技术,以确定23个吉拉怪物(Heloderma suectum)性别的可靠性,这些技术之前在其他Heloderma物种中被描述过。结果与体腔超声测定的性别相比较,女性8例,男性15例。在男性中,有1/15(7%)的人通过x线造影术和9/15(60%)的人通过半阴茎计算机断层造影术鉴别出半阴茎。女性通过x线造影术和计算机断层造影术分别看到100%(8/8)和100%(8/8)的肛管边缘轮廓。我们的研究结果表明,对比射线摄影和计算机断层扫描不是确定吉拉怪物性别的可靠方法,而体腔超声是目前该物种最可靠的非侵入性技术。
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