Democratizing Spiritual Sphere: Radical Bhakti Traditions in the Telugu-Speaking Region in India

Chandraiah Gopani
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Abstract

The modern anti-caste consciousness has deep roots in medieval bhakti traditions in India. The Bhakti saints like Basavanna, Kabir, Ravidas, Vemana, and Pothuluri Veerabrahmam have contributed towards democratizing the spiritual sphere. The radical bhakti traditions shaped new value systems, cultural practices, language, and other art forms and proposed a new egalitarian society. The tendency of locating subaltern saints within the spiritual domain does not capture the radical visions of an egalitarian society which are articulated in their songs, poems, thoughts, and practice. This article is an attempt to document and analyze the radical visions of Vemana and Pothuluri Veerabrahmam and other thinkers in the Telugu-speaking region. The article draws on both published works and fieldwork work which was conducted in the year 2022.
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民主化的精神领域:激进的巴克提传统在印度泰卢格语地区
现代反种姓意识深深植根于印度中世纪的奉爱传统。巴克提圣人如巴萨凡纳、卡比尔、拉维达斯、维玛纳和波图鲁里·韦拉伯拉罕为精神领域的民主化做出了贡献。激进的奉爱传统塑造了新的价值体系、文化习俗、语言和其他艺术形式,并提出了一个新的平等主义社会。将低等圣人定位在精神领域的倾向并没有捕捉到平等主义社会的激进愿景,而平等主义社会在他们的歌曲、诗歌、思想和实践中得到了清晰的表达。本文试图记录和分析Vemana和Pothuluri veerabraham以及其他泰卢格语地区思想家的激进观点。本文借鉴了已发表的著作和在2022年进行的实地工作。
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