Цепочки создания ценности в строительстве на основе концепции бережливого производства в условиях цифровой трансформации

К. Ю. Кулаков, А. К. Орлов, В. С. Канхва
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Abstract

Introduction. In modern conditions, the fundamental basis of construction is the process of creating value of the capital construction object for the consumer. The article examines the process of creation of capital construction projects as a value chain and substantiates the influence of digital transformation on the development and dynamics of this chain. The analysis of modern research on the impact of digitalization on value chains is carried out, the results of the analysis are projected onto the processes of digital transformation of the construction ecosystem. The main existing problems of project implementation efficiency in construction, including from the position of the actual task of increasing labour productivity, as well as the prospects for digitalization of construction from the position of value chains using the tools of the lean manufacturing concept are identified. A mechanism for implementing the concept of lean manufacturing in construction using digitalization tools is proposed. Based on the results of the financial and economic analysis, the effects of the implementation of the proposed measures that affect the timing of the implementation of the IСP, cost and quality parameters are calculated. The proposed approach contributes to the creation of a database on the occurrence and ways to solve problems in business processes, as well as creates opportunities for continuous training and motivation of employees, which is fully consistent with the need for continuous improvement in lean construction. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of lean construction in relation to aspects of the transformation of the digital construction ecosystem. In addition, systematic and situational approaches, methods of qualitative, comparative and factor analysis of the results of foreign and domestic experience were used in the study. The tools of investment analysis and financial and economic modelling were used to analyze the results of the implementation of lean construction tools within the framework of investment and construction projects. Results. The authors propose a practical approach to the implementation of the concept of lean production using digitalization tools in the activities of a construction company. The analysis of the results of the introduction of digital tools based on the concept of lean construction in Russia made it possible to quantify the losses in the framework of the implementation of investment and construction projects, as well as to calculate the effects of the implementation of the proposed solutions. Conclusions. The study recommends participants of the construction ecosystem to implement the concept of lean construction in integration with digital technologies in accordance with the proposed practical approach to increase labour productivity and the efficiency of investment projects implemented.
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在数字转型的节俭生产概念基础上建立价值链
介绍。在现代条件下,建设的根本基础是基本建设对象为消费者创造价值的过程。本文考察了基本建设项目作为价值链的创建过程,并实证了数字化转型对这条价值链的发展和动态的影响。对数字化对价值链影响的现代研究进行了分析,并将分析结果预测到建筑生态系统的数字化转型过程中。从提高劳动生产率这一实际任务的角度,以及利用精益制造理念的工具,从价值链的角度对建筑业数字化的前景进行了展望,指出了建筑业项目实施效率存在的主要问题。提出了一种利用数字化工具在建筑业中实施精益制造概念的机制。根据财务和经济分析的结果,对所提出措施的实施效果对实施时间IСP、成本和质量参数的影响进行了计算。提出的方法有助于建立业务流程中问题发生和解决方法的数据库,并为员工提供持续培训和激励的机会,这完全符合精益建设中持续改进的需要。材料和方法。本研究的方法论基础是精益建设的概念,与数字建筑生态系统转型的各个方面有关。此外,本研究还采用了系统分析和情景分析的方法,以及国内外经验结果的定性分析、比较分析和因素分析的方法。使用投资分析和财务经济建模的工具来分析在投资和建设项目框架内实施精益建设工具的结果。结果。作者提出了一个实用的方法来实施精益生产的概念,利用数字化工具在建筑公司的活动。基于俄罗斯精益建设概念的数字工具引入结果分析使得可以量化投资和建设项目实施框架中的损失,以及计算实施拟议解决方案的效果。结论。该研究建议建筑生态系统的参与者根据提出的实际方法,实施精益建筑概念,并与数字技术相结合,以提高劳动生产率和所实施投资项目的效率。
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