The regularity of the boundary of vortex patches for some nonlinear transport equations

Abstract

We prove the persistence of boundary smoothness of vortex patches for a non-linear transport equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with velocity field given by convolution of the density with an odd kernel, homogeneous of degree $-(n-1)$ and of class $C^2(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}, \mathbb{R}^n).$ This allows the velocity field to have non-trivial divergence. The quasi-geostrophic equation in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and the Cauchy transport equation in the plane are examples.