Connecting gender norms and economic performance reveals gendered inequities in Malawian small-scale fish trade

IF 2.2 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Maritime Studies Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI:10.1007/s40152-023-00337-x
Emma D. Rice, Abigail E. Bennett, Park Muhonda, Samson P. Katengeza, Patrick Kawaye, Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie, Dana M. Infante, David L. Tschirely
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Abstract

Abstract Women play key roles in fish value chains, especially post-harvest processing and marketing of fish products. However, gendered inequities in small-scale fishery value chains persist around the globe, limiting livelihood benefits for many women and their households. This study uses a mixed methods approach to investigate how gender norms shape gendered inequities in marketing margins for fish retailers in small-scale fishery value chains. In the empirical case of usipa ( Engraulicypris sardella ) trade in Malawi, we find that there is nearly equal participation in fish retail between females and males. Yet, there is a statistically significant difference in marketing margins between female and male usipa retailers, with female retailers earning less. We find that gender norms indirectly impact marketing margins by disproportionately constraining time for women, shaping household decision-making regarding women’s spending, limiting women’s access to resources including financial services and fish, and maintaining patriarchal power dynamics. Despite these results, we find that there remains a dominant discourse among men that gender does not impact marketing margins. In connecting specific gender norms, revealed through qualitative methods, to specific livelihood outcomes, measured through quantitative methods, this study provides new insight into gendered inequities in small-scale fish trade.

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将性别规范与经济绩效联系起来,揭示了马拉维小规模鱼类贸易中的性别不平等
妇女在鱼类价值链中发挥着关键作用,特别是在收获后加工和鱼类产品的销售中。然而,在全球范围内,小规模渔业价值链中的性别不平等仍然存在,限制了许多妇女及其家庭的生计福利。本研究采用混合方法研究性别规范如何影响小规模渔业价值链中鱼类零售商营销利润中的性别不平等。在马拉维usipa (Engraulicypris sardella)贸易的实证案例中,我们发现女性和男性之间几乎平等地参与鱼类零售。然而,女性和男性usipa零售商的营销利润率在统计上存在显著差异,女性零售商的收入较低。我们发现,性别规范通过不成比例地限制女性的时间、塑造有关女性支出的家庭决策、限制女性获得包括金融服务和鱼类在内的资源以及维持父权动态,间接影响营销利润率。尽管有这些结果,我们发现在男性中仍然有一个占主导地位的话语,性别不影响营销利润。通过将通过定性方法揭示的特定性别规范与通过定量方法衡量的特定生计结果联系起来,本研究为小规模鱼类贸易中的性别不平等提供了新的见解。
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来源期刊
Maritime Studies
Maritime Studies ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
11.80%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Maritime Studies is an international peer-reviewed journal on the social dimensions of coastal and marine issues throughout the world. The journal is a venue for theoretical and empirical research relevant to a wide range of academic social science disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, geography, history and political science. Space is especially given to develop academic concepts and debate. We invite original research papers, reviews and viewpoints and welcome proposals for special issues that make a distinctive contribution to contemporary discussion around maritime and coastal use, development and governance. The journal provides a rigorous but constructive review process and rapid publication, and is accessible to new researchers, including postgraduate students and early career academics.
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