Phase separation and physico-chemical variables of triton X-100 and cephradine monohydrate drug mixture: investigation of the impacts of nature of electrolytes and compositions

Abstract

AbstractHerein, the phase separation of triton X-100 (TNX-100) and cephradine monohydrate (CPM) drug (a first-generation cephalosporin family drug) mixture was studied in aqueous and in various aq. electrolytes (Na and K-based salts) media. As compared to the water environment, TNX 100 + CPM system demonstrated lower magnitudes of CP values in electrolytes solution. The outcomes exhibited dwindling CP values are: MCl < M2CO3 < M2SO4; (M = Na, K). Moreover, the ΔHc0 (enthalpy change), ΔGc0 (free energy change) and ΔSc0 (entropy change), compensation temperature (Tc) and intrinsic enthalpy gain (ΔHc0,∗) were also computed in the circumstances of TNX 100 + CPM mixture in water and aq. electrolytes media. The values of ΔGc0 were obtained to be positive demonstrating the non-spontaneity of the process. The ΔHc0 and ΔSc0 values were positive in aq. medium and negative in aq. salts solutions where the magnitudes ΔHc0 and ΔSc0 values decreased with the growing contents of TNX 100/salts. The results suggest that the interaction forces between TNX 100 and CPM in a water environment are hydrophobic in nature with π–π interactions whereas in aq. salts media the recommended forces are hydrophobic and exothermic forces along with π–π interactions.KEYWORDS: TNX 100cephradine monohydrateelectrolytesphase separationthermodynamics Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number [RSPD2023R766] King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Md. Masud Alam would like to acknowledge Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Bangladesh for providing financial support (Year 2021) to carry out a part of the research work.