The Religious Situation of Non- Muslims in Tha Abbasid Caliphate During the Buayhi and Seljuki Periods

Abstract

This paper deals with the religious situation of non-Muslims in the Abbasid Caliphate, during both the Buayhi and Seljuki periods, as a comparative study. It includes aspects of worship, the promotion of religious-scientific thought, the imposition of religious-social discrimination, and their problems and conflicts with Muslims. The structure of the research is divided into one gateway and two main parts, each consisting of two points. Because our research includes both the Buayhi and Seljuki periods, therefore we have devoted this gateway to a brief discussion of these two forces and the capture of Baghdad. Then the religious situation of non-Muslims is explained. In the first part, which consists of two points, the researcher tries to talk the freedom of worship and the development of religious and scientific thought of non-Muslims in both periods comparatively. That as can be seen they were freed in both periods but the Buayhes treated them better than the Seljuks, who often attacked them. In the second part, which consists of two points, the researcher compares the imposition of discrimination and their problems with Muslims in both periods. Therefore, it can be seen that the discriminatory impositions were less imposed during the Buayhi period, which caused concern among Muslims and eventually attacked them, but during the Seljuki period, discriminatory impositions were more imposed on them. Therefore, the problems decreased because there were fewer excuses for Muslims to attack non-Muslims. In conclusion, most of the differences between the two periods were are to the political and religious differences between the Buayhi and Seljuki powers.