Making the invisible visible: examining Black women in Black Lives Matter

IF 1.9 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Sociological Spectrum Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI:10.1080/02732173.2023.2245936
Michelle L. Estes, Adam M. Straub, Maggie León-Corwin
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Abstract

AbstractThe Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement was created by three women in 2013 after George Zimmerman was acquitted for the murder of teenager Trayvon Martin. Since inception, BLM has gained national attention through its organization of and participation in numerous social movement activities, many of which have been driven by Black women. However, previous research and the persistent existence of racism and sexism indicate that Black women may be marginalized and made invisible within mainstream news media that discusses social movement activities. Mass media continues to be a powerful agent of socialization within society; therefore, it is critical to examine how various forms of media portrays different groups. The current paper examines how newspaper media portrays Black women engaged in Black Lives Matter movement activities. We utilize content analysis to analyze 645 newspaper articles that discuss BLM. We use intersectional inequality along with Patricia Hill Collins' controlling images as guiding theoretical frameworks to analyze our data and interpret the findings. Overall, findings show that Black women are largely invisible within newspaper articles discussing Black Lives Matter. This occurs in a variety of ways, such as focusing on protester response to police violence against Black men and using gender-neutral language when discussing individuals engaged in movement activities. Moreover, findings indicate that newspaper media utilize all of Collins' controlling images in their depiction of Black women in BLM; however, the utilization of controlling images in not equal. We discuss these findings in detail in addition to providing directions for future scholarly research.Keywords: genderracesocial movementsmediainequalityBlack Lives Matter Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationNotes on contributorsMichelle L. EstesMichelle L. Estes is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Rowan University. Political Science at Tennessee Tech University. Her main research interests include inequality in the criminal legal system. More specifically, she has been examining the negative consequences that are produced by wrongful convictions.Adam M. StraubAdam M. Straub is an Assistant Profession in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Rowan University. Broadly, his work focuses on vulnerability, resilience, and risk before and after natural hazards and disasters. Recent research includes the social production of risk in Puerto Rico before and after Hurricane Maria and cultivating resilience in rural Oklahoma.Maggie León-CorwinMaggie León-Corwin is a Post-Doctoral Research Associate at the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis at the University of Oklahoma. Maggie uses a multimethodological approach to address the intersection of inequality in human-environment interactions related to hazards and disasters. Her research spans topics such as environmental justice, risk perceptions, societal adaptations, and social movements with a strong social-justice and applied orientation.
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让不可见变为可见:审视《黑人的命也是命》中的黑人女性
【摘要】2013年,乔治·齐默尔曼因谋杀少年特雷沃恩·马丁被判无罪后,三名女性发起了“黑人的命也是命”运动。自成立以来,BLM通过组织和参与许多社会运动活动获得了全国的关注,其中许多活动都是由黑人妇女推动的。然而,以往的研究以及种族主义和性别歧视的持续存在表明,黑人女性在讨论社会运动活动的主流新闻媒体中可能会被边缘化和隐形。大众传播媒介继续是社会内部社会化的有力媒介;因此,研究各种形式的媒体如何描绘不同的群体是至关重要的。本文考察了报纸媒体如何描绘参与“黑人的命也是命”运动活动的黑人妇女。我们利用内容分析分析了645篇讨论BLM的报纸文章。我们使用交叉不平等以及Patricia Hill Collins的控制图像作为指导理论框架来分析我们的数据并解释研究结果。总的来说,调查结果表明,黑人女性在报纸上讨论“黑人的命也重要”的文章中基本上是看不见的。这种情况以多种方式出现,例如关注抗议者对警察对黑人施暴的反应,以及在讨论参与运动活动的个人时使用中性语言。此外,研究结果表明,报纸媒体在描述BLM中的黑人女性时使用了柯林斯的所有控制图像;然而,控制图像的利用率是不相等的。我们详细讨论了这些发现,并为未来的学术研究提供了方向。关键词:性别、种族、社会运动、媒体平等、黑人的命也是命披露声明作者未发现潜在的利益冲突。作者简介:michelle L. Estes是罗文大学社会与人类学系的助理教授。田纳西理工大学政治学专业。她的主要研究兴趣包括刑事法律制度中的不平等。更具体地说,她一直在研究错误定罪所产生的负面后果。Adam M. Straub,罗文大学社会与人类学系助理教授。从广义上讲,他的工作重点是在自然灾害和灾害之前和之后的脆弱性、复原力和风险。最近的研究包括飓风玛丽亚前后波多黎各的社会风险生产,以及俄克拉荷马州农村地区的恢复力培养。玛吉León-CorwinMaggie León-Corwin是俄克拉荷马大学公共政策研究与分析研究所的博士后研究员。玛吉使用多方法的方法来解决与危害和灾害有关的人类与环境相互作用中的不平等交集。她的研究涵盖了环境正义、风险感知、社会适应和社会运动等主题,具有强烈的社会正义和应用取向。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Sociological Spectrum publishes papers on theoretical, methodological, quantitative and qualitative research, and applied research in areas of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science.
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