Clinical studies with ondansetron in the control of radiation-induced emesis.

T J Priestman
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Abstract

Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which has shown activity in the prevention of nausea and vomiting resulting from cytotoxic therapy. This paper describes the results of studies evaluating the efficacy of oral ondansetron in controlling radiation-induced emesis. Initial non-randomised studies showed that doses of 4 mg q.d.s. or 8 mg t.d.s. of ondansetron achieved complete or major control of vomiting in 77-91% of patients and mild or absence of nausea in 72-77% following single exposure high-dose (8-10 Gy) radiotherapy to the upper abdomen. A subsequent double-blind, prospective, randomised trial compared ondansetron 8 mg t.d.s. with metoclopramide 10 mg t.d.s. in the prevention of emesis following single radiation doses of 8-10 Gy to the upper abdomen. On the day of radiotherapy, ondansetron achieved significantly greater control of vomiting and retching (P less than 0.001) and nausea (P = 0.001) than metoclopramide. An advantage for ondansetron was also seen on days 2 and 3 after irradiation, although this did not reach a statistically significant level. Only two patients, out of 154, in all the studies experienced side effects attributable to ondansetron: one developed headache and the other experienced headache and vertigo. These studies show that ondansetron is a safe drug, with activity in the prevention of radiation-induced emesis and significantly greater efficacy than metoclopramide in the control of nausea and vomiting following single exposure upper abdominal high-dose radiotherapy.

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昂丹司琼控制放射性呕吐的临床研究。
昂丹司琼是一种5-HT3受体拮抗剂,在预防细胞毒性治疗引起的恶心和呕吐方面显示出活性。本文介绍了评价口服昂丹司琼控制辐射致呕吐效果的研究结果。最初的非随机研究表明,在单次高剂量(8-10 Gy)上腹部放疗后,每隔一天4 mg或每隔一天8 mg的昂丹司琼剂量可使77-91%的患者完全或主要控制呕吐,72-77%的患者轻度或无恶心。随后的一项双盲、前瞻性、随机试验比较了昂丹司琼8mg t.d.s.与甲氧氯普胺10mg t.d.s.对上腹部单次8- 10gy辐射剂量后呕吐的预防效果。放疗当天,昂丹司琼对呕吐、干呕(P < 0.001)和恶心(P = 0.001)的控制明显优于甲氧氯普胺。在照射后的第2天和第3天,昂丹司琼也有优势,尽管没有达到统计学上显著的水平。在所有的研究中,154名患者中只有两名出现了昂丹司琼的副作用:一名出现头痛,另一名出现头痛和眩晕。这些研究表明,昂丹司琼是一种安全的药物,具有预防辐射性呕吐的活性,在控制单次照射上腹部高剂量放疗后的恶心和呕吐方面的疗效明显高于甲氧氯普胺。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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Effect of soybean feeding on experimental carcinogenesis--III. Carcinogenecity of nitrite and dibutylamine in mice: a histopathological study. Abstracts from the second annual meeting of the Danish Society for Cancer Research. 14 April 1989. International Conference on Supportive Care in Oncology. Brussels (Belgium), 23-25 August 1988. Proceedings. Proceedings of the Ondansetron Symposium. London, 30 June 1989. Pharmacological and anti-emetic properties of ondansetron.
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