Supresión tumoral por microARN en el cáncer gástrico

Abstract

Gastric cancer is a disease that causes high mortality worldwide, and in some developing countries like Colombia it is the first in terms of cause of cancer deaths. Among the most crucial topics in the disease is the study of tumour suppressors, which due to their biological functions inhibit the so-called hallmarks of cancer. There has been a major breakthrough in this field with multiple molecules and their respective mechanisms of action being described. The study of miRNAs, which inhibit the expression of specific genes and preventing its translation, has expanded greatly in recent years. Several studies have established that these miRNAs may act as tumour suppressors gastric cancers by downregulating genes that promote tumorigenesis, and by controlling the development of the hallmarks of cancer. MiRNAs are also interesting since a single one can control multiple signalling pathways related to the onset and progression of gastric malignancies, thus making them a promising tool for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment of the disease.