Monetizing Utility Reductions Associated with Bullying

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Happiness Studies Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI:10.1007/s10902-023-00666-y

Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir, Gísli Gylfason, Arna Hauksdóttir, Edda Bjork Thordardottir, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir

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Abstract

Although rarely measured, victims’ suffering is likely a large part of the overall cost of bullying. We use the compensating income variation method on data from the Icelandic SAGA (Stress-And-Gene-Analysis) cohort to estimate the monetary compensation needed to offset the welfare loss associated with bullying of women. We examine differences by frequency and extensivity of bullying, the type of bullying, the victim´s age during most recent bullying and years since most recent bullying. We find considerable differences in results across those bullying characteristics. To put this in context, the yearly value of reduced well-being associated with bullying in adulthood ($14,532–25,002 depending on model specification) by far exceeds the societal cost of reduced productivity and absenteeism, and the value of reduced well-being associated with bullying in childhood ($46,391–48,565, depending on model specification) by far exceeds the sum of the societal medical cost, travel cost of parents, and cost of reduced productivity of parents. Therefore, the greatest monetary damage from bullying is likely associated with the victims suffering, and its inclusion in the evaluation of societal consequences of bullying is thus crucial.

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与欺凌相关的效用减少货币化

虽然很少有人衡量，但受害者的痛苦可能是欺凌总成本的很大一部分。我们对冰岛SAGA(压力和基因分析)队列的数据使用补偿收入变化方法来估计抵消与女性欺凌相关的福利损失所需的货币补偿。我们通过欺凌的频率和广度、欺凌的类型、受害者在最近一次欺凌期间的年龄和最近一次欺凌后的年份来检查差异。我们发现这些欺凌特征的结果存在相当大的差异。在此背景下，与成年期欺凌相关的福祉降低的年价值(14,532-25,002美元，取决于模型规格)远远超过了生产力下降和缺勤的社会成本，而与童年期欺凌相关的福祉降低的价值(46,391-48,565美元，取决于模型规格)远远超过了社会医疗成本、父母的旅行成本和父母生产力降低的成本的总和。因此，欺凌行为造成的最大经济损失可能与受害者的痛苦有关，因此将其纳入欺凌行为的社会后果评估至关重要。

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来源期刊

Journal of Happiness Studies Multiple-

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

6.50%

发文量

110

期刊介绍： The international peer-reviewed Journal of Happiness Studies is devoted to theoretical and applied advancements in all areas of well-being research. It covers topics referring to both the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives characterizing well-being studies. The former includes the investigation of cognitive dimensions such as satisfaction with life, and positive affect and emotions. The latter includes the study of constructs and processes related to optimal psychological functioning, such as meaning and purpose in life, character strengths, personal growth, resilience, optimism, hope, and self-determination. In addition to contributions on appraisal of life-as-a-whole, the journal accepts papers investigating these topics in relation to specific domains, such as family, education, physical and mental health, and work. The journal welcomes high-quality theoretical and empirical submissions in the fields of economics, psychology and sociology, as well as contributions from researchers in the domains of education, medicine, philosophy and other related fields. The Journal of Happiness Studies provides a forum for three main areas in happiness research: 1) theoretical conceptualizations of well-being, happiness and the good life; 2) empirical investigation of well-being and happiness in different populations, contexts and cultures; 3) methodological advancements and development of new assessment instruments. The journal addresses the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of happiness and well-being dimensions, as well as the individual, socio-economic and cultural factors that may interact with them as determinants or outcomes. Central Questions include, but are not limited to: Conceptualization: What meanings are denoted by terms like happiness and well-being? How do these fit in with broader conceptions of the good life? Operationalization and Measurement: Which methods can be used to assess how people feel about life? How to operationalize a new construct or an understudied dimension in the well-being domain? What are the best measures for investigating specific well-being related constructs and dimensions? Prevalence and causality Do individuals belonging to different populations and cultures vary in their well-being ratings? How does individual well-being relate to social and economic phenomena (characteristics, circumstances, behavior, events, and policies)? What are the personal, social and economic determinants and causes of individual well-being dimensions? Evaluation: What are the consequences of well-being for individual development and socio-economic progress? Are individual happiness and well-being worthwhile goals for governments and policy makers? Does well-being represent a useful parameter to orient planning in physical and mental healthcare, and in public health? Interdisciplinary studies: How has the study of happiness developed within and across disciplines? Can we link philosophical thought and empirical research? What are the biological correlates of well-being dimensions?