Interested and employed? A national study of gender differences in basic interests and employment

IF 5.2 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Journal of Vocational Behavior Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103942
Kevin A. Hoff , Kenneth E. Granillo-Velasquez , Alexis Hanna , Mike Morris , Hannah S. Nelson , Frederick L. Oswald
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Abstract

Research on vocational interests has played an important role in understanding workforce gender disparities. However, current understanding about gender differences in interests is primarily limited to broad RIASEC interest categories that average together differences in narrower interest scales. This study took a refined approach to examine gender differences in 30 basic vocational interests (e.g., medical science, management, social science) using a very large and diverse U.S. sample (N = 1,283,110). Results revealed that gender differences in basic interests are more complex than what can be captured using broad interests alone. There was meaningful variability in the pattern of mean gender differences across basic interests, even those related to the same RIASEC category. Turning to the labor market, we found that gender differences in basic interests showed high convergence with men and women's employment rates in corresponding occupations (r = 0.66). Despite this convergence, there were also discrepancies such that women's actual employment fell short of interest-based predictions in many high-status occupations and in jobs that involve working with tools and machinery. In contrast, fewer men were employed in prosocial occupations than predicted based on their interests. Finally, we examined how gender differences in basic interests varied across intersecting age, ethnicity, and education subgroups. The most striking finding was that gender differences in interests were considerably larger at lower education levels, pointing to specific educational tracks where applied initiatives might have the greatest impact in improving gender representation in the workforce.

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感兴趣并有工作?一项关于基本利益和就业方面性别差异的全国性研究
职业兴趣研究在理解劳动力性别差异方面发挥了重要作用。然而,目前对兴趣性别差异的理解主要局限于广泛的RIASEC兴趣类别,这些兴趣类别在较窄的兴趣尺度上平均了差异。本研究采用了一种改进的方法,使用非常大且多样化的美国样本(N = 1,283,110)来检查30个基本职业兴趣(例如医学、管理、社会科学)的性别差异。结果显示,基本兴趣的性别差异比仅使用广泛兴趣所能捕捉到的更为复杂。在基本兴趣的大小和方向上,平均性别差异有意义的变化,即使是那些与同一RIASEC类别相关的。转到劳动力市场,我们发现基本兴趣的性别差异与相应职业的男女就业率呈高度趋同(r = 0.66)。尽管有这种趋同,但也存在差异,例如在许多地位高的职业和涉及机械的工作中,妇女的实际就业情况低于基于兴趣的预测。相比之下,从事亲社会职业的男性比基于他们兴趣的预测要少。最后,我们研究了在不同年龄、种族和教育程度的亚组中,基本兴趣的性别差异是如何变化的。最引人注目的发现是,在较低的教育水平上,兴趣方面的性别差异要大得多,这表明,在特定的教育轨道上,应用的倡议可能对改善劳动力中的性别代表性产生最大的影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Vocational Behavior
Journal of Vocational Behavior PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
5.40%
发文量
85
期刊介绍: The Journal of Vocational Behavior publishes original empirical and theoretical articles offering unique insights into the realms of career choice, career development, and work adjustment across the lifespan. These contributions are not only valuable for academic exploration but also find applications in counseling and career development programs across diverse sectors such as colleges, universities, business, industry, government, and the military. The primary focus of the journal centers on individual decision-making regarding work and careers, prioritizing investigations into personal career choices rather than organizational or employer-level variables. Example topics encompass a broad range, from initial career choices (e.g., choice of major, initial work or organization selection, organizational attraction) to the development of a career, work transitions, work-family management, and attitudes within the workplace (such as work commitment, multiple role management, and turnover).
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