Retracing our steps: A review on autism research in children, its limitation and impending pharmacological interventions

IF 12 1区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pharmacology & Therapeutics Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108564
Salam Salloum-Asfar, Nasser Zawia, Sara A. Abdulla
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core impairments: impaired communication, impaired reciprocal social interaction, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotypical behavior patterns. Spectrum refers to the heterogeneity of presentation, severity of symptoms, and medical comorbidities associated with ASD. Among the most common underlying medical conditions are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, epilepsy, digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, and immune disorders. At present, in the absence of an objective and accurate diagnosis of ASD, such as a blood test, pharmacological management remains a challenge. There are no approved medications to treat the core symptoms of the disorder and behavioral interventions are typically used as first line treatment. Additionally, psychotropic drugs with different mechanisms of action have been approved to reduce associated symptoms and comorbidities, including aripiprazole, risperidone, and haloperidol for irritability and aggression, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, clonidine, and guanfacine for ADHD, and melatonin for sleep disturbances. The purpose of this review is to emphasize that it is imperative to develop objective, personalized diagnostic kits in order to tailor and individualize treatment strategies, as well as to describe the current pharmacological management options available in clinical practice and new prospects that may be helpful in managing ASD's core symptoms.

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回溯我们的脚步:儿童自闭症研究综述,其局限性和即将到来的药物干预
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种以三个核心障碍为特征的神经发育障碍:沟通障碍、互惠社会互动障碍以及受限、重复和刻板的行为模式。谱系是指与ASD相关的表现、症状严重程度和医学合并症的异质性。最常见的潜在疾病包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)、焦虑、抑郁、癫痫、消化系统紊乱、代谢紊乱和免疫紊乱。目前,由于缺乏客观准确的ASD诊断,如血液检查,药物管理仍然是一个挑战。目前还没有批准的药物来治疗这种疾病的核心症状,行为干预通常被用作一线治疗。此外,具有不同作用机制的精神药物已被批准用于减少相关症状和合并症,包括治疗易怒和攻击的阿立哌唑、利培酮和氟哌啶醇,治疗多动症的哌醋甲酯、阿托西汀、克拉定和胍法辛,治疗睡眠障碍的褪黑素。本综述的目的是强调开发客观、个性化的诊断试剂盒以定制和个性化治疗策略的必要性,并描述当前临床实践中可用的药物管理选择和可能有助于治疗ASD核心症状的新前景。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
23.00
自引率
0.70%
发文量
222
审稿时长
90 days
期刊介绍: Pharmacology & Therapeutics, in its 20th year, delivers lucid, critical, and authoritative reviews on current pharmacological topics.Articles, commissioned by the editor, follow specific author instructions.This journal maintains its scientific excellence and ranks among the top 10 most cited journals in pharmacology.
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Lipoprotection in cardiovascular diseases. Nutraceuticals target androgen receptor-splice variants (AR-SV) to manage castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Editorial Board The voltage sensitivity of G-protein coupled receptors: Unraveling molecular mechanisms and physiological implications. Oxytocin in neurodevelopmental disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and Prader-Willi syndrome.
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