Intravenous Ketamine Exacerbating Symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder: A Case Report and Systematized Review of Existing Literature

Abstract

Background

Ketamine is an anesthetic and analgesic known for its psychotomimetic properties, such as dissociation and altered perception. Acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are characterized by unwanted memories, intrusive thoughts, and dissociative flashbacks following an acute traumatic event. It is unknown how analgesic ketamine affects the symptomatology of ASD when administered to patients in the posttraumatic period.

Objective and Methods

In this article, we present the case of a 26-year-old man who sustained gunshot wounds and developed worsened ASD after receiving analgesic ketamine. We also present a review of the current literature on peritraumatic ketamine and its subsequent effect on ASD and PTSD.

Results

In 2 out of 3 articles examining ketamine and ASD, ketamine was associated with worsened symptomatology of ASD. There were 6 articles examining ketamine and PTSD. In 1 of 6 articles, ketamine was associated with increased incidence and/or severity of PTSD, and in 2 of 6, it was associated with decreased incidence and/or severity of PTSD. There was no relationship between ketamine and subsequent PTSD in 3 of 6 articles.

Conclusion

We conclude that ketamine's psychotomimetic properties may exacerbate the dissociative and perceptual symptoms of ASD, but its long-term effects on PTSD are still unclear. In patients with preexisting ASD, the potential risks and benefits of using analgesic ketamine must be weighed carefully.