Human urea production, an ignored factor in the nitrogen debate.

IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Acta Clinica Belgica Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-02 DOI:10.1080/17843286.2023.2290412
Joris Delanghe
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Abstract

A public debate idealing with nitrogen (N) emissions is ongoing. Government reports use models in which the major N producers are agriculture and industry. Flemish NOx emission amounted to 26.4 kt N accompanied by an ammonia emission of 34.0 kt N. Major sources of Flemish N emission are agriculture (59% of total emission) and transport (21%); 95 percent of the ammonia emission is reported to come from agriculture. In this government's view, it looks like Flanders is unpopulated. In Flanders, 6,800,000 inhabitants show an average urea production of 20 g/day, or 3.65 kg N/year. This urea production eventually ends up in wastewaters as ammonia. Human urea production represents the grand total of 24.8 kl N/year. However, this contribution is made invisible in the statistics. Flemish reports mention a grand total of 33 kt/year, so Flemish numbers appear to be incomplete. Human production has not been taken into account. When calculating human N excretion in Flanders, 24.8 kt N/12.322 km2 is obtained, corresponding to an additional N load of ± 20 kg/ha. Implementing human N excretion into the calculation thoroughly changes the situation: adding human N production results in peak loads of 40 kg N/ha. The human nitrogen input is comparable with the heavily criticized contribution by agriculture. Policy should take into account the real size of the problem and not selectively focus on partial problems.

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人体尿素产量,在氮争论中一个被忽视的因素。
一场关于氮(N)排放的公众辩论正在进行中。政府报告使用的模型中,主要的氮生产者是农业和工业。佛兰德氮氧化物排放量为26.4 kt N,氨排放量为34.0 kt N。佛兰德氮氧化物排放的主要来源是农业(占总排放量的59%)和运输(21%);据报道,95%的氨排放来自农业。在本届政府看来,佛兰德斯似乎无人居住。在佛兰德斯,680万居民的平均尿素产量为20克/天,即3.65千克/年。这种尿素的生产最终以氨的形式进入废水。人体尿素产量为每年24.8千升氮。然而,这种贡献在统计数据中是不可见的。佛兰德语的报告提到每年总共有33千吨,所以佛兰德语的数字似乎是不完整的。人类生产并没有被考虑在内。在计算法兰德斯地区人类氮排泄量时,得到24.8 kt N/12.322 km2,对应于±20 kg/ha的额外氮负荷。将人体N排泄量纳入计算,彻底改变了这种情况:增加人体N排泄量,峰值负荷为40 kg N/ha。人类氮的投入可与受到严厉批评的农业贡献相媲美。政策应该考虑到问题的实际规模,而不是选择性地关注局部问题。
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来源期刊
Acta Clinica Belgica
Acta Clinica Belgica MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
44
期刊介绍: Acta Clinica Belgica: International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine primarily publishes papers on clinical medicine, clinical chemistry, pathology and molecular biology, provided they describe results which contribute to our understanding of clinical problems or describe new methods applicable to clinical investigation. Readership includes physicians, pathologists, pharmacists and physicians working in non-academic and academic hospitals, practicing internal medicine and its subspecialties.
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