The “autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants” (ASIA) after COVID-19 infection: A case report

Abstract

The term “autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants” (ASIA) describes a variety of autoimmune conditions triggered by exposure to substances with adjuvant activity. We present the case of a patient with a history of biopolymer infiltration in both glutes, who years later experienced progressive weakness and pain in the lower limbs, myalgias, cramps, and progressive functional impotence following a mild COVID-19 infection. Laboratory test results were not consistent with any autoimmune disease. Physical examination revealed diffuse bilateral subcutaneous nodules. After an extensive etiological study, a gluteal biopsy was performed, which showed findings compatible with sclerosing lipogranuloma. Our patient required treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids and showed significant improvement in symptoms during long-term follow-up. We suggest the role of COVID-19 infection as a possible trigger for ASIA, as it has already been described as a trigger for several other autoimmune diseases.