An alkaline ferrocyanide non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for creatinine detection

Abstract

Creatinine is a useful metabolite for the evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Creatinine concentrations in urine outside of the healthy range of 4 to 15 mM may indicate CKD and other kidney conditions. Early detection and monitoring can provide lifesaving intervention, and as such there is a need to develop rapid, cheap and selective electrochemical creatinine sensors. A simple non-enzymatic creatinine sensing platform enabled by the electrocatalytic response of the metabolite to ferricyanide in alkaline conditions is presented. Studies were made on unmodified glassy carbon (GCE) and screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE), both giving sensitivity of 21 ± 5 µA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and limit of detection of ca. 60 µM.