A history of the Personal Social Services in England. Feast, Famine and the Future - R. Jones (2020). A history of the Personal Social Services in England. Feast, Famine and the Future. (2020). London: Palgrave Macmillan. Paperback, ISBN 978-3-030-46123-2. £24.99. Aus $45.02 plus postage. 494 pages.
Frank Ainsworth
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In this book, Jones displays an encyclopaedic knowledge of the local authority personal social services (PSS) and the unified profession of social work, prior to and after, the passing of the Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Service Act (1970) that created these services in the UK. Also on display, is a profound knowledge of the political and legislative processes that have shaped these services across the last 50 years. Jones maps the changing government structures, including the abolition of some organisational forms and the creation of new forms, some of which had a short life. Alongside these observations, he interweaves commentary about the legislation that has impacted on the work of Social Service departments, such as the Mental Capacity Act (2005) and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act (1970). Given Jones’s remarkable service management and educational career, this book is both a personal history, a history of the evolution of the PSS and an organisational and political history of considerable merit. It is also a book so full of detail that all this review can give the reader is snippets of information in the hope that they will go further and read the book in full. The book is made up of 5 sections and 13 chapters. Part 1 is Creating the Personal Social Services. Part 2 is the Personal Social Services in Action. Part 3 is New Laws and New Horizons. Part 4 is the Recent Reforms and Unravelling. And finally, Part 5 is Reflecting and Re-routing. The process by which each chapter was established involved not only the researching key documents that recorded the debates in committeemeetings but also interviews with 33 well-known people who were prominent in these debates. The interviews are extensively reported throughout the book. The four chapters that make up section 1 are Seizing the Moment: The Seebohm Committee, Scripting the Future: The Seebohm Committee and Preparing the Platform: The Local Authority Social Services Bill and Act. This section explores the events that led up to the establishment of the Seebohm Committee as well as the committee’s activities and the debate following publication in 1968 of their report. On display is the argument for the Probation Service staying outside the proposed Local Authority Social Service Department structure. Also, on display are the arguments put forward by the existing Local Authority Departments of Health who argued that social work and welfare services as envisaged by the Seebohm committee should be subsumed under these departments and not be located in a new Department of Social Services. The Probation Service remained a separate service primarily as a service to the Courts and the legal system, although there were some later changes. The push by local authority medical personnel for responsibility for Seebohm services did not gain favour, and the Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Service Bill was presented to Parliament and became law in 1970. This is Jones’s era of “feast”. A startling suggestion in chapter 3 of this book is that “The Seebohm report can be seen as the missing chapter of the 1942 Beveridge report” (p. 46). If true, the Seebohm report may be the final fling at addressing the five “wants” (health, housing, education, employment and income) that were the focus of the Beveridge report. When published, the Beveridge report represented a consensus that supported and inspired the Beveridge legislation, a consensus that has since fallen away. This may also be why in 2020 the PSS are, as we shall see later, unravelling. Part 2, the PSS in Action consists of four chapters –Creating the Empire: Promise and Potential (1970–1976); The Seismic Shifts in the mid-1970s; Norming and Storming: Social Work Debates and Developments in the 1970s and Thatcher and Threat (1979–1989). The first of the chapters provides a detailed account of how in one year, 174 newDirectors of Social Service were recruited. On 1 April 1971, of the 136 Directors appointed, only 53 were qualified social workers. It is worth commenting at this point, on how the Seebohm Report called for the establishment of Departments of Social Services not Departments of Social Work, even though local authorities had disciplinary based Departments of, for example, Education or Borough engineers for whom a university disciplinary degree was a required qualification. The implications for Social Work of the Seebohm Social Service PSS nomenclature will be explored later. The next chapter, the “Seismic Shifts in the mid-1970s”, deals with the impact of the Maria Colwell Inquiry into children’s services that moved from the Home Office and became part of the unified local authority PSS. This inquiry changed the children’s services focus on working with disadvantaged children and families, to one of “rescue” and removal of children from parental care. This is a focus that remains today and one which is well articulated by Leigh (2017) in relation to the culture of present-day child protection services and by Burns et al. (2017) in relation to child removal by the state. This is a change which echoed loudly in Australia. Another influence that took the children’s service sector in this direction was Kempe et al’s. (1962) “Battered child” © The Author 2020. 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Abstract
The author of this book is, Ray Jones, Emeritus Professor of Social Work, Kingston University. Jones was formerly the Director of Social Services for Wiltshire, Chief Executive of the Social Care Institute for Excellence, Deputy Chair of the British Association of Social Workers, and in 2018 he was awarded Social Worker of the year for his outstanding contribution to social work. In this book, Jones displays an encyclopaedic knowledge of the local authority personal social services (PSS) and the unified profession of social work, prior to and after, the passing of the Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Service Act (1970) that created these services in the UK. Also on display, is a profound knowledge of the political and legislative processes that have shaped these services across the last 50 years. Jones maps the changing government structures, including the abolition of some organisational forms and the creation of new forms, some of which had a short life. Alongside these observations, he interweaves commentary about the legislation that has impacted on the work of Social Service departments, such as the Mental Capacity Act (2005) and the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act (1970). Given Jones’s remarkable service management and educational career, this book is both a personal history, a history of the evolution of the PSS and an organisational and political history of considerable merit. It is also a book so full of detail that all this review can give the reader is snippets of information in the hope that they will go further and read the book in full. The book is made up of 5 sections and 13 chapters. Part 1 is Creating the Personal Social Services. Part 2 is the Personal Social Services in Action. Part 3 is New Laws and New Horizons. Part 4 is the Recent Reforms and Unravelling. And finally, Part 5 is Reflecting and Re-routing. The process by which each chapter was established involved not only the researching key documents that recorded the debates in committeemeetings but also interviews with 33 well-known people who were prominent in these debates. The interviews are extensively reported throughout the book. The four chapters that make up section 1 are Seizing the Moment: The Seebohm Committee, Scripting the Future: The Seebohm Committee and Preparing the Platform: The Local Authority Social Services Bill and Act. This section explores the events that led up to the establishment of the Seebohm Committee as well as the committee’s activities and the debate following publication in 1968 of their report. On display is the argument for the Probation Service staying outside the proposed Local Authority Social Service Department structure. Also, on display are the arguments put forward by the existing Local Authority Departments of Health who argued that social work and welfare services as envisaged by the Seebohm committee should be subsumed under these departments and not be located in a new Department of Social Services. The Probation Service remained a separate service primarily as a service to the Courts and the legal system, although there were some later changes. The push by local authority medical personnel for responsibility for Seebohm services did not gain favour, and the Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Service Bill was presented to Parliament and became law in 1970. This is Jones’s era of “feast”. A startling suggestion in chapter 3 of this book is that “The Seebohm report can be seen as the missing chapter of the 1942 Beveridge report” (p. 46). If true, the Seebohm report may be the final fling at addressing the five “wants” (health, housing, education, employment and income) that were the focus of the Beveridge report. When published, the Beveridge report represented a consensus that supported and inspired the Beveridge legislation, a consensus that has since fallen away. This may also be why in 2020 the PSS are, as we shall see later, unravelling. Part 2, the PSS in Action consists of four chapters –Creating the Empire: Promise and Potential (1970–1976); The Seismic Shifts in the mid-1970s; Norming and Storming: Social Work Debates and Developments in the 1970s and Thatcher and Threat (1979–1989). The first of the chapters provides a detailed account of how in one year, 174 newDirectors of Social Service were recruited. On 1 April 1971, of the 136 Directors appointed, only 53 were qualified social workers. It is worth commenting at this point, on how the Seebohm Report called for the establishment of Departments of Social Services not Departments of Social Work, even though local authorities had disciplinary based Departments of, for example, Education or Borough engineers for whom a university disciplinary degree was a required qualification. The implications for Social Work of the Seebohm Social Service PSS nomenclature will be explored later. The next chapter, the “Seismic Shifts in the mid-1970s”, deals with the impact of the Maria Colwell Inquiry into children’s services that moved from the Home Office and became part of the unified local authority PSS. This inquiry changed the children’s services focus on working with disadvantaged children and families, to one of “rescue” and removal of children from parental care. This is a focus that remains today and one which is well articulated by Leigh (2017) in relation to the culture of present-day child protection services and by Burns et al. (2017) in relation to child removal by the state. This is a change which echoed loudly in Australia. Another influence that took the children’s service sector in this direction was Kempe et al’s. (1962) “Battered child” © The Author 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press Children Australia
英国个人社会服务的历史。《盛宴、饥荒与未来》——R.琼斯(2020)。英国个人社会服务的历史。盛宴、饥荒和未来。(2020)。伦敦:Palgrave Macmillan出版社。平装本,ISBN 978-3-030-46123-2。£24.99。45.02澳元加邮资。494页。
这本书的作者是金斯顿大学社会工作名誉教授雷·琼斯。琼斯曾任威尔特郡社会服务主任,卓越社会关怀研究所首席执行官,英国社会工作者协会副主席,并于2018年因其对社会工作的杰出贡献而获得年度社会工作者奖。在这本书中,琼斯展示了地方当局个人社会服务(PSS)和统一的社会工作专业的百科知识,在地方当局和联合个人社会服务法(1970年)通过之前和之后,在英国创建了这些服务。此外,还展示了对过去50年来塑造这些服务的政治和立法程序的深刻了解。琼斯描绘了政府结构的变化,包括一些组织形式的废除和新形式的创建,其中一些存在时间很短。除了这些观察之外,他还穿插了对影响社会服务部门工作的立法的评论,比如《精神能力法》(2005年)和《慢性病和残疾人法》(1970年)。鉴于琼斯卓越的服务管理和教育生涯,这本书既是一部个人历史,也是一部PSS的进化史,也是一部相当有价值的组织和政治史。这也是一本充满细节的书,所有这些评论都可以给读者提供一些信息片段,希望他们能进一步阅读并完整阅读这本书。全书共分5节13章。第一部分是创建个人社会服务。第二部分是个人社会服务的实践。第三部分是新法律和新视野。第四部分是最近的改革和解体。最后,第5部分是反思和重新路由。每一章的建立过程不仅包括研究记录委员会会议辩论的关键文件,还包括对33名在这些辩论中表现突出的知名人士的采访。这些采访在书中被广泛报道。组成第1节的四章分别是:抓住时机:Seebohm委员会、规划未来:Seebohm委员会和准备平台:地方当局社会服务法案和法案。本节探讨了导致Seebohm委员会成立的事件,以及委员会的活动和1968年委员会报告发表后的辩论。展示的是在拟议的地方当局社会服务部结构之外的缓刑服务的论点。此外,现有的地方当局卫生部门提出的论点也在其中,它们认为,Seebohm委员会设想的社会工作和福利服务应归入这些部门,而不是设在一个新的社会服务部。缓刑处仍然是一个独立的服务机构,主要是为法院和法律系统服务,尽管后来有一些变化。地方当局医务人员要求负责Seebohm服务的努力没有得到支持,《地方当局和联合个人社会服务法案》提交议会,并于1970年成为法律。这是琼斯的“盛宴”时代。本书第3章中一个令人吃惊的建议是,“西博姆报告可以被视为1942年贝弗里奇报告中缺失的一章”(第46页)。如果这是真的,西博姆的报告可能是解决贝弗里奇报告关注的五大“需求”(健康、住房、教育、就业和收入)的最后一次尝试。贝弗里奇报告发表时,代表了一种支持和激励贝弗里奇立法的共识,这种共识后来消失了。这也可能是我们稍后将看到的,PSS在2020年解体的原因。第二部分,《PSS在行动》由四章组成:创建帝国:承诺与潜力(1970-1976);20世纪70年代中期的地震转移;《规范与风暴:20世纪70年代的社会工作辩论与发展》和《撒切尔与威胁》(1979-1989)。第一章详细介绍了在一年内如何招募174名新的社会服务主任。1971年4月1日,在任命的136名主任中,只有53名是合格的社会工作者。在这一点上,值得评论的是,Seebohm报告呼吁建立社会服务部门而不是社会工作部门,尽管地方当局有以学科为基础的部门,例如教育或自治市镇工程师,他们的大学学科学位是必需的资格。sebohm社会服务PSS命名法对社会工作的影响将在稍后探讨。 下一章,“20世纪70年代中期的巨变”,涉及玛丽亚·科尔韦尔调查对儿童服务的影响,该调查从内政部转移到统一的地方当局PSS的一部分。这项调查将儿童服务的重点从与弱势儿童和家庭合作转变为“拯救”和将儿童从父母的照顾中解救出来。这是一个今天仍然存在的焦点,Leigh(2017)与当今儿童保护服务的文化有关,Burns等人(2017)与国家儿童移除有关,这一点得到了很好的阐述。这一变化在澳大利亚引起了强烈反响。另一个将儿童服务部门带向这个方向的影响是Kempe等人的研究。(1962)“受虐儿童”©作者2020。剑桥大学出版社澳大利亚儿童出版社出版
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