Infect while the iron is scarce: nutrient-explicit phage-bacteria games

IF 1.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Theoretical Ecology Pub Date : 2021-05-27 DOI:10.1007/s12080-021-00508-8
Daniel Muratore, Joshua S. Weitz
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Abstract

Marine microbial primary production is influenced by the availability and uptake of essential nutrients, including iron. Although marine microbes have evolved mechanisms to scavenge sub-nanomolar concentrations of iron, recent observations suggest that viruses may co-opt these very same mechanisms to facilitate infection. The “Ferrojan Horse Hypothesis” proposes that viruses incorporate iron atoms into their tail fiber proteins to adsorb to target host receptors. Here, we propose an evolutionary game theoretic approach to consider the joint strategies of hosts and viruses in environments with limited nutrients (like iron). We analyze the bimatrix game and find that evolutionarily stable strategies depend on the stability and quality of nutrient conditions. For example, in highly stable iron conditions, virus pressure does not change host uptake strategies. However, when iron levels are dynamic, virus pressure can lead to fluctuations in the extent to which hosts invest in metabolic machinery that increases both iron uptake and susceptibility to viral infection. Altogether, this evolutionary game model provides further evidence that viral infection and nutrient dynamics jointly shape the fate of microbial populations.

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趁缺铁时感染:营养显性噬菌体-细菌游戏
海洋微生物初级生产受到必需营养素(包括铁)的供应和吸收的影响。虽然海洋微生物已经进化出了清除亚纳摩尔浓度铁的机制,但最近的观察表明,病毒可能会利用这些完全相同的机制来促进感染。“铁马假说”提出,病毒将铁原子结合到其尾部纤维蛋白中,以吸附到目标宿主受体上。在这里,我们提出了一种进化博弈论的方法来考虑宿主和病毒在营养有限(如铁)的环境中的联合策略。我们分析了双基质博弈,发现进化稳定的策略依赖于营养条件的稳定性和质量。例如,在高度稳定的铁条件下,病毒压力不会改变宿主的摄取策略。然而,当铁水平是动态的时,病毒压力可导致宿主投入代谢机制的程度波动,从而增加铁的摄取和对病毒感染的易感性。总之,这个进化博弈模型提供了进一步的证据,证明病毒感染和营养动态共同塑造了微生物种群的命运。
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来源期刊
Theoretical Ecology
Theoretical Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Theoretical Ecology publishes innovative research in theoretical ecology, broadly defined. Papers should use theoretical approaches to answer questions of ecological interest and appeal to and be readable by a broad audience of ecologists. Work that uses mathematical, statistical, computational, or conceptual approaches is all welcomed, provided that the goal is to increase ecological understanding. Papers that only use existing approaches to analyze data, or are only mathematical analyses that do not further ecological understanding, are not appropriate. Work that bridges disciplinary boundaries, such as the intersection between quantitative social sciences and ecology, or physical influences on ecological processes, will also be particularly welcome. All areas of theoretical ecology, including ecophysiology, population ecology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary ecology, ecosystem ecology, community ecology, and ecosystem and landscape ecology are all appropriate. Theoretical papers that focus on applied ecological questions are also of particular interest.
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