Synthesis and application of magnetic ferrites (MFe2O4) in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: An updated review

Abstract

Water is a vital component for the survival of living organisms. Due to the swift expansion of industrialization, water sources have become contaminated with heavy metals and harmful pollutants. The presence of heavy metal ions in water sources even at low concentrations can lead to various health complications. Researchers have reported that magnetic nano ferrites show significant potential in effectively removing heavy metals from water (remove over 90%) due to excellent magnetic characteristics, high specific surface area, surface active sites, high chemical stability, and the ease with which they can be modified or functionalized. This review explores recent literature on the synthesis and application of magnetic ferrites (MFe₂O₄, M = Co, Mg, and Ni) for removing heavy metals from water. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential in addressing water pollution, as well as introducing the factors influencing adsorption performance and health effects for future research.