How to awaken a sleeping giant: antagonistic expression of Flowering locus T homologs and elements of the age-related pathway are associated with the flowering transition in Agave tequilana

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI:10.1007/s00497-023-00489-0

Laura Hernández-Soriano, Laura Gálvez-Sandre, Emmanuel Ávila de Dios, June Simpson

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Key message

Antagonistic expression of Flowering locus T proteins and the ageing pathway via miRNAs and sugar metabolism regulate the initiation of flowering in A. tequilana.

Abstract

Flowering in commercial plantations of Agave tequilana signals that plants are ready to harvest for tequila production. However, time of flowering is often unpredictable and a detailed understanding of the process would be beneficial in the field, for breeding and for the development of future research. This report describes the functional analysis of A. tequilana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes by heterologous expression in A. thaliana and in situ hybridization in agave plants. The gene structures of the Agave tequilana FT family are also described and putative regulatory promoter elements were identified. Most Agave species have monocarpic, perennial life cycles that can last over 25 years during which plants do not respond to the normal environmental signals which induce flowering, suggesting that the ageing pathway as described in Arabidopsis may play an important role in determining flowering time in these species. Elements of this pathway were analyzed and in silico data is presented that supports the regulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING LIKE proteins (SPL), APETALA2 (AP2) proteins and members of Plant Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (PGHF32) by interactions with miRNAs 156, 172 and 164 during the initiation of flowering in A. tequilana.

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如何唤醒沉睡的巨人：花期基因座 T 同源物的拮抗表达与龙舌兰花期转变的年龄相关途径要素有关

关键信息龙舌兰开花基因座 T 蛋白的拮抗表达以及通过 miRNAs 和糖代谢的老化途径调控龙舌兰开花的启动摘要龙舌兰商业种植园的开花标志着植株已准备好收获龙舌兰酒。然而，开花的时间往往是不可预测的，详细了解开花的过程将有利于田间管理、育种和未来研究的发展。本报告介绍了通过在 A. thaliana 中进行异源表达和在龙舌兰植物中进行原位杂交，对龙舌兰花序位点 T（FT）基因进行的功能分析。此外，还描述了龙舌兰 FT 家族的基因结构，并确定了推定的调控启动子元件。大多数龙舌兰物种都是多年生单花植物，生命周期可长达 25 年以上，在此期间，植物不会对诱导开花的正常环境信号做出反应，这表明拟南芥中描述的老化途径可能在决定这些物种的开花时间方面发挥了重要作用。本文分析了这一途径的各个环节，并提供了硅学数据，这些数据支持在龙舌兰开花初期，通过与 miRNAs 156、172 和 164 的相互作用，对 SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING LIKE 蛋白 (SPL)、APETALA2 (AP2) 蛋白和植物糖苷水解酶家族 32 (PGHF32) 成员进行调控。

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