{"title":"The Intricate Dance of Infections and Autoimmunity: An Interesting Paradox","authors":"Anand Prahalad Rao, Debasis Patro","doi":"10.1007/s12098-023-04928-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Besides genetic susceptibility, infections due to viruses, bacteria and protozoa have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases (AD). AD can be triggered in a genetically susceptible individual by infections that disrupt immunological tolerance towards self-antigens. Pathogens can initiate autoimmunity by way of molecular mimicry, bystander activation, epitope spreading or persistent infection with polyclonal activation. This review covers two main topics: (i) the mechanisms by which an infectious agent can trigger or worsen autoimmunity; and (ii) the correlation between specific infectious agents and AD in humans with special emphasis on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).</p>","PeriodicalId":22491,"journal":{"name":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04928-8","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Besides genetic susceptibility, infections due to viruses, bacteria and protozoa have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases (AD). AD can be triggered in a genetically susceptible individual by infections that disrupt immunological tolerance towards self-antigens. Pathogens can initiate autoimmunity by way of molecular mimicry, bystander activation, epitope spreading or persistent infection with polyclonal activation. This review covers two main topics: (i) the mechanisms by which an infectious agent can trigger or worsen autoimmunity; and (ii) the correlation between specific infectious agents and AD in humans with special emphasis on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
除遗传易感性外，病毒、细菌和原生动物感染也与自身免疫性疾病（AD）的发生有关。感染会破坏人体对自身抗原的免疫耐受，从而诱发自身免疫性疾病。病原体可通过分子模仿、旁观者激活、表位扩散或多克隆激活的持续感染等方式引发自身免疫。本综述涵盖两个主要议题：(i) 感染病原体引发或加重自身免疫的机制；(ii) 特定感染病原体与人类 AD 之间的相关性，特别强调儿童多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C）。
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