Typhoid fever

IF 76.9 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Nature Reviews Disease Primers Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.1038/s41572-023-00480-z
James E. Meiring, Farhana Khanam, Buddha Basnyat, Richelle C. Charles, John A. Crump, Frederic Debellut, Kathryn E. Holt, Samuel Kariuki, Emmanuel Mugisha, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Christopher M. Parry, Virginia E. Pitzer, Andrew J. Pollard, Firdausi Qadri, Melita A. Gordon
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Abstract

Typhoid fever is an invasive bacterial disease associated with bloodstream infection that causes a high burden of disease in Africa and Asia. Typhoid primarily affects individuals ranging from infants through to young adults. The causative organism, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi is transmitted via the faecal–oral route, crossing the intestinal epithelium and disseminating to systemic and intracellular sites, causing an undifferentiated febrile illness. Blood culture remains the practical reference standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever, where culture testing is available, but novel diagnostic modalities are an important priority under investigation. Since 2017, remarkable progress has been made in defining the global burden of both typhoid fever and antimicrobial resistance; in understanding disease pathogenesis and immunological protection through the use of controlled human infection; and in advancing effective vaccination programmes through strategic multipartner collaboration and targeted clinical trials in multiple high-incidence priority settings. This Primer thus offers a timely update of progress and perspective on future priorities for the global scientific community.

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伤寒
伤寒是一种与血液感染相关的侵袭性细菌性疾病,在非洲和亚洲造成很高的疾病负担。伤寒主要影响从婴儿到年轻人的个体。致病菌,肠沙门氏菌亚种。血清型伤寒通过粪口途径传播,穿过肠上皮,传播到全身和细胞内部位,引起未分化的发热性疾病。在可进行培养试验的地方,血培养仍然是诊断伤寒的实用参考标准,但新的诊断方式是正在研究的一个重要优先事项。自2017年以来,在确定伤寒和抗菌素耐药性的全球负担方面取得了显著进展;通过控制人类感染了解疾病发病机制和免疫保护;通过战略性多伙伴合作和在多个高发重点环境中进行有针对性的临床试验,推进有效的疫苗接种规划。因此,这本入门书为全球科学界提供了进展的及时更新和对未来优先事项的看法。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Nature Reviews Disease Primers Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
76.70
自引率
0.20%
发文量
75
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, a part of the Nature Reviews journal portfolio, features sections on epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis, management, and patient quality of life. The editorial team commissions top researchers — comprising basic scientists and clinical researchers — to write the Primers, which are designed for use by early career researchers, medical students and principal investigators. Each Primer concludes with an Outlook section, highlighting future research directions. Covered medical specialties include Cardiology, Dermatology, Ear, Nose and Throat, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Genetic Conditions, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hepatology, Haematology, Infectious Diseases, Maxillofacial and Oral Medicine, Nephrology, Neurology, Nutrition, Oncology, Ophthalmology, Orthopaedics, Psychiatry, Respiratory Medicine, Rheumatology, Sleep Medicine, and Urology.
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