{"title":"A sight for sore eyes? Attention allocation to obsession-provoking stimuli and stimuli reflecting compulsion completion","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11031-023-10054-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Research on attention allocation in OCD has exclusively used obsession-provoking threat stimuli, showing sustained attention over neutral ones. Recently, however, a study contrasting neutral stimuli with stimuli depicting the completion of compulsive acts (end-states stimuli), which is associated with a reduced anxiety (negative reinforcement), showed similar results. Yet, as relative to neutral stimuli end-state stimuli were also OCD-related, these results may still reflect obsession-related distress rather than relief brought on by stimuli signaling compulsion completion. Also, end-states stimuli were not systematically validated. In Study <span>1</span>, participants rated the subjective discomfort experienced when viewing traditional obsession-provoking threat pictures and novel end-states pictures. We first compared participants with high (HOC) and low (LOC) levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and then clinically diagnosed OCD participants and matched healthy controls. In study <span>2</span>, we compared gaze patterns of HOC and LOC participants while freely viewing 2-by-2 matrices directly contrasting two threat and two end-state stimuli. Study <span>1</span> showed a larger difference in experienced discomfort when viewing the end-state stimuli, compared to threat stimuli, for both OC groups compared with their respected control groups. Study <span>2</span> showed that while LOC participants demonstrated no difference in dwell time on threat vs. end-state pictures, the HOC group allocated more attention toward the latter. Both groups were more prone to fixate first the threat pictures. Task reliability was high. Attention allocation in OCD may also be affected by cues signaling the completion of compulsive acts.</p>","PeriodicalId":48282,"journal":{"name":"Motivation and Emotion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Motivation and Emotion","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-023-10054-x","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Research on attention allocation in OCD has exclusively used obsession-provoking threat stimuli, showing sustained attention over neutral ones. Recently, however, a study contrasting neutral stimuli with stimuli depicting the completion of compulsive acts (end-states stimuli), which is associated with a reduced anxiety (negative reinforcement), showed similar results. Yet, as relative to neutral stimuli end-state stimuli were also OCD-related, these results may still reflect obsession-related distress rather than relief brought on by stimuli signaling compulsion completion. Also, end-states stimuli were not systematically validated. In Study 1, participants rated the subjective discomfort experienced when viewing traditional obsession-provoking threat pictures and novel end-states pictures. We first compared participants with high (HOC) and low (LOC) levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and then clinically diagnosed OCD participants and matched healthy controls. In study 2, we compared gaze patterns of HOC and LOC participants while freely viewing 2-by-2 matrices directly contrasting two threat and two end-state stimuli. Study 1 showed a larger difference in experienced discomfort when viewing the end-state stimuli, compared to threat stimuli, for both OC groups compared with their respected control groups. Study 2 showed that while LOC participants demonstrated no difference in dwell time on threat vs. end-state pictures, the HOC group allocated more attention toward the latter. Both groups were more prone to fixate first the threat pictures. Task reliability was high. Attention allocation in OCD may also be affected by cues signaling the completion of compulsive acts.
摘要 有关强迫症注意力分配的研究只使用了引起强迫症的威胁刺激，结果显示持续注意力高于中性刺激。然而，最近的一项研究将中性刺激与描述强迫行为完成过程的刺激（终结状态刺激）进行了对比，显示出了类似的结果，后者与焦虑减少（负强化）有关。然而，由于相对于中性刺激而言，终结状态刺激也与强迫症有关，因此这些结果可能仍然反映了与强迫症有关的痛苦，而不是暗示强迫行为完成的刺激所带来的缓解。此外，终结状态刺激也没有经过系统的验证。在研究 1 中，参与者对观看传统的强迫症威胁图片和新颖的终结状态图片时所体验到的主观不适感进行了评分。我们首先比较了强迫症状程度高（HOC）和程度低（LOC）的参与者，然后比较了临床诊断为强迫症的参与者和匹配的健康对照组。在研究 2 中，我们比较了 HOC 和 LOC 参与者在自由观看 2×2 矩阵时的注视模式，该矩阵直接对比了两个威胁刺激和两个结束状态刺激。研究 1 显示，与受尊重的对照组相比，OC 组和 LOC 组在观看终结状态刺激时所体验到的不适感差异更大。研究 2 显示，虽然 LOC 参与者在观看威胁图片和结束状态图片时的停留时间没有差异，但 HOC 组对后者的注意力分配更多。两组受试者都更容易将注意力首先集中在威胁图片上。任务的可靠性很高。强迫症患者的注意力分配也可能会受到强迫行为完成的信号线索的影响。
期刊介绍：
Motivation and Emotion publishes articles on human motivational and emotional phenomena that make theoretical advances by linking empirical findings to underlying processes. Submissions should focus on key problems in motivation and emotion, and, if using non-human participants, should contribute to theories concerning human behavior. Articles should be explanatory rather than merely descriptive, providing the data necessary to understand the origins of motivation and emotion, to explicate why, how, and under what conditions motivational and emotional states change, and to document that these processes are important to human functioning.A range of methodological approaches are welcome, with methodological rigor as the key criterion. Manuscripts that rely exclusively on self-report data are appropriate, but published articles tend to be those that rely on objective measures (e.g., behavioral observations, psychophysiological responses, reaction times, brain activity, and performance or achievement indicators) either singly or combination with self-report data.The journal generally does not publish scale development and validation articles. However, it is open to articles that focus on the post-validation contribution that a new measure can make. Scale development and validation work therefore may be submitted if it is used as a necessary prerequisite to follow-up studies that demonstrate the importance of the new scale in making a theoretical advance.
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