Testing presence of directionality information in female spider silk trails through male trail-following behavior

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI:10.1007/s00265-023-03386-8
Michelle Beyer, Kardelen Özgün Uludag, Maylis Lailler, Jonas O. Wolff, Monika J. B. Eberhard, Tomer J. Czaczkes, Cristina Tuni
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Abstract

Mate search is challenging for solitary species. Trails represent a particularly potent, target-oriented means for finding mates, as trail-following increases encounter rates between individuals compared to random search. Embedding directionality information into the trail allows individuals to follow trails correctly to the source. Yet, directionality remains poorly understood. Spiders deposit trails during locomotion consisting of silk lines and substrate-borne chemicals. We conducted multiple experiments to test whether female silk trails convey directionality information, whether directionality is chemically or structurally encoded and depends on female phenotype. We also examined whether males interact with silk in a way that suggests information gathering. We exposed males of the cursorial spider Pisaura mirabilis to female trails deposited unidirectionally and scored their trail-following direction (i.e., same as or opposite to the females’). Tests were repeated after washing trails with a solvent to remove putative chemicals and by sourcing silk from females of different feeding regimes. While we found little evidence for male directional trail-following, we did find that unwashed trails were more likely to be followed than washed trails. Similarly, trails of relatively larger females were more likely to be followed correctly than those of smaller females. Males extensively probed and pulled on silk lines with their appendages, suggesting the gathering of chemical and tactile information. Taken together, results suggest that directional trail-following is selected only under specific contexts in this species. Chemical attributes of trails may convey information on female quality, with directional trail-following reflecting male mate choice in a system characterized by costly male nuptial gifts.

Significance statement

In the context of male mate search, following conspecific trails increases the chances of encountering a mating partner, especially if trails provide information about the direction the conspecific went. Yet, trail directionality remains poorly understood. Female spiders deposit silk trails as they walk. We overall show that males follow trails directionally only under a specific context. Males were more likely to follow correctly when trails were unmanipulated (compared to being washed with solvents to remove chemicals) and when they were deposited by relatively larger females (compared to smaller ones). Chemical attributes of trails may potentially indicate directionality, while decoding movement direction from trails of larger females may reflect male preferences for females of higher reproductive value.

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通过雄蛛的追踪行为测试雌蛛丝迹中是否存在方向性信息
摘要对于独居物种来说,寻找配偶是一项挑战。与随机搜索相比,尾迹能提高个体间的相遇率,因此尾迹是一种特别有效的、以目标为导向的寻找配偶的手段。将方向性信息嵌入踪迹可使个体正确地沿着踪迹找到源头。然而,人们对方向性仍然知之甚少。蜘蛛在运动过程中会留下由丝线和底物上的化学物质组成的痕迹。我们进行了多项实验,以检验雌蛛的丝线是否传递方向性信息,方向性是化学编码还是结构编码,以及是否取决于雌蛛的表型。我们还研究了雄性是否以一种暗示信息收集的方式与丝相互作用。我们让草履蜘蛛(Pisaura mirabilis)的雄性接触单向沉积的雌性蛛丝,并对它们的追随方向(即与雌性相同或相反)进行评分。用溶剂清洗痕迹以去除可能的化学物质,并从不同进食方式的雌性蛛丝中获取蛛丝后,重复进行测试。虽然我们几乎没有发现雄性尾迹定向跟踪的证据,但我们确实发现未清洗的尾迹比清洗过的尾迹更容易被跟踪。同样,体型相对较大的雌性蛛丝比体型较小的雌性蛛丝更容易被正确追踪。雄性用附肢广泛地探测和拉扯丝线,这表明它们在收集化学和触觉信息。综上所述,研究结果表明,在该物种中,只有在特定情况下才会选择定向追踪。尾迹的化学属性可能传达了有关雌性质量的信息,尾迹的定向性反映了雄性在一个以昂贵的雄性新婚礼物为特征的系统中对配偶的选择。然而,人们对足迹的方向性仍然知之甚少。雌蛛在行走时会留下丝迹。我们的研究表明,雄蛛只有在特定情况下才会定向追踪丝迹。当丝径未被操纵时(与用溶剂清洗以去除化学物质相比),以及当丝径由体型相对较大的雌蛛(与体型较小的雌蛛)沉积时,雄蛛更有可能正确追踪。尾迹的化学属性可能表明了方向性,而从体型较大的雌性尾迹中解码运动方向可能反映了雄性对繁殖价值较高的雌性的偏好。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
期刊最新文献
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