Immunotherapy: Constructive Approach for Breast Cancer Treatment.

IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy Pub Date : 2023-12-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S424624
Umer Anayyat, Faiza Ahad, Tobias Achu Muluh, Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi, Faiza Usmani, Hua Yang, Mengqing Li, Hammad Ali Hassan, Xiaomei Wang
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Abstract

A novel and rapid therapeutic approach is the treatment of human breast cancer by enhancing the host's immune system. In initial findings, program death one (PD-1) and program cell death ligand one (PD-L1) showed positive results towards solid tumors, but tumor relapse and drug resistance are the major concerns. Breast cancer therapy has been transformed by the advent of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have exhibited enduring responses to clinical usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) like atezolizumab and pembrolizumab. Nonetheless, a notable proportion of individuals with TNBC do not experience advantages from these treatments, and there is limited comprehension of the resistance mechanisms. Another approach to overcome resistance is cancer stem cells (CSCs), as these cells are crucial for the initiation and growth of tumors in the body. Various cancer vaccines are created using stem cells (dendritic, whole cell, bacterial) and focus primarily on targeting tumor-related antigens. The ultimate objective of cancer vaccines is to immunize the patients by active artificial immunity against cancer, though. In this review, we primarily focused on existing immunotherapeutic options, immune checkpoint blockers, the latest progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), advanced strategies to overcome resistance to ICBs, cancer stem cell antigens and molecular markers, ongoing clinical trials for BCs and cancer vaccines for breast cancer.

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免疫疗法:乳腺癌治疗的建设性方法。
通过增强宿主的免疫系统来治疗人类乳腺癌是一种新颖而快速的治疗方法。最初的研究结果表明,程序死亡一号(PD-1)和程序细胞死亡配体一号(PD-L1)对实体瘤有积极疗效,但肿瘤复发和耐药性是主要问题。免疫检查点阻断剂(ICB)的出现改变了乳腺癌的治疗。三阴性乳腺癌(TNBCs)对免疫检查点抑制剂(ICBs)(如阿特珠单抗(atezolizumab)和彭博单抗(pembrolizumab))的临床应用表现出持久的反应。然而,相当一部分TNBC患者并没有从这些治疗中获益,而且对耐药机制的了解也很有限。克服耐药性的另一种方法是癌症干细胞(CSCs),因为这些细胞对体内肿瘤的发生和生长至关重要。各种癌症疫苗都是利用干细胞(树突状细胞、全细胞、细菌)制成的,主要针对与肿瘤相关的抗原。不过,癌症疫苗的最终目的是通过积极的人工免疫使患者获得抗癌免疫力。在这篇综述中,我们主要关注现有的免疫治疗方案、免疫检查点阻断剂、了解免疫检查点抑制剂(ICBs)耐药性分子机制的最新进展、克服ICBs耐药性的先进策略、癌症干细胞抗原和分子标记物、正在进行的乳腺癌临床试验以及乳腺癌癌症疫苗。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
40
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊最新文献
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