The Environmental Pollution and Cardiovascular Risk: The Role of Health Surveillance and Legislative Interventions in Cardiovascular Prevention.

IF 3.1 Q2 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-09 DOI:10.1007/s40292-023-00612-2
Seyedali Ghazihosseini, Carlo De Rosa, Valentina Trimarco, Raffaele Izzo, Carmine Morisco, Giovanni Esposito
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Abstract

Environmental pollution in considered an established determinant of non-communicable illness, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Air pollution is the result of a complex combination of chemical, physical, and biological agents, and represents one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the world population. It is responsible for 7.6% of global mortality. In this regard, it has been documented that it increases the risk of CVDs and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In northern regions of China, long-term exposures to the particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) increase in the risk of ischemic heart disease by almost two-folds. Similarly, the additional risk for stroke, increases by almost 10% for long-term exposure to PM2.5. The detrimental effects of air pollution on cardiovascular system are particularly manifest in vulnerable subjects, such as the elderly, patients with heart disease, and obese individuals. Therefore, nowadays, cardiovascular prevention strategies, in addition to controlling traditional risk factors, should also include measures to improve the environment. This goal can be achieved by the implementation of the health surveillance in occupational medicine and by the extensive application of the national and international legislative measures. In fact, the health surveillance represents a crucial preventive measure for workers exposed to health risks (chemical, physical agents, etc.) that may lead to occupational diseases after long-term exposure. On the other hand, since environmental pollution does not recognize well-defined boundaries, only the implementation of regulations among large territorial areas can be useful to improve the quality of environment.

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环境污染与心血管风险:健康监测和立法干预在心血管预防中的作用》。
环境污染被认为是包括心血管疾病在内的非传染性疾病的既定决定因素。空气污染是化学、物理和生物因素复杂结合的结果,是导致世界人口死亡和发病的主要原因之一。全球 7.6% 的死亡率是由空气污染造成的。在这方面,有资料表明,它增加了心血管疾病和主要不良心脑血管事件的风险。在中国北方地区,长期暴露于小于 2.5 µm 的颗粒物(PM2.5)会使患缺血性心脏病的风险增加近两倍。同样,长期暴露于 PM2.5 中,中风的额外风险也会增加近 10%。空气污染对心血管系统的不利影响在老年人、心脏病患者和肥胖者等易感人群身上表现得尤为明显。因此,如今的心血管预防战略除了控制传统的风险因素外,还应包括改善环境的措施。这一目标可以通过在职业医学中实施健康监测以及广泛应用国家和国际立法措施来实现。事实上,对于长期暴露于可能导致职业病的健康风险(化学、物理因素等)的工人来说,健康监测是一项重要的预防措施。另一方面,由于环境污染没有明确的界限,只有在大面积区域内实施法规才能有助于改善环境质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
57
期刊介绍: High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention promotes knowledge, update and discussion in the field of hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention, by providing a regular programme of independent review articles covering key aspects of the management of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The journal includes:   Invited ''State of the Art'' reviews.  Expert commentaries on guidelines, major trials, technical advances.Presentation of new intervention trials design.''Pros and Cons'' or round tables on controversial issues.Statements on guidelines from hypertension and cardiovascular scientific societies.Socio-economic issues.Cost/benefit in prevention of cardiovascular diseases.Monitoring of healthcare systems.News and views from the Italian Society of Hypertension (including abstracts).All manuscripts are subject to peer review by international experts. Letters to the editor are welcomed and will be considered for publication.
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