Nurses' perspectives on ethical aspects of telemedicine. A scoping review.

Abstract

Background: Changes in health needs led to an increase in virtual care practices such as telemedicine. Nursing plays an essential role in this practice as it is the key to accessing the healthcare system. It is important that this branch of nursing is developed considering all the ethical aspects of nursing care, and not just the legal concepts of the practice. However, this question has not been widely explored in the literature and it is of crucial relevance in the new concept of care.

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the ethical aspects of the development of telemedicine from a nursing practice perspective.

Methods: A scoping review of the literature based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, from 2012 to 2022. A total of 1322 articles were retrieved, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria.

Ethical considerations: The research was conducted in accordance with the best scientific practices.

Findings: The most relevant aspects were the safety of the patient, the benefits for the user and the digital competence of the professionals. Informed consent and patient's willingness to use new technologies were relevant to the practice, as was person-centered care and how telemedicine can influence the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Another relevant issue was the concern about professional competence for optimal outcomes.

Conclusion: It is necessary to further explore and develop the ethical aspects of the new practices, disassociating them from the legal aspects only. Professionals demand more training providing them with more competence and confidence.