Resilience and phenotypic plasticity of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) facing cyclic hypoxia: insights into growth, energy stores and hepatic metabolism.

IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Conservation Physiology Pub Date : 2023-12-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1093/conphys/coad099
Loïck Ducros, Mohamed Touaibia, Nicolas Pichaud, Simon G Lamarre
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Abstract

Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is facing the decline of its southernmost populations due to several factors including rising temperatures and eutrophication. These conditions are also conducive to episodes of cyclic hypoxia, another possible threat to this species. In fact, lack of oxygen and reoxygenation can both have serious consequences on fish as a result of altered ATP balance and an elevated risk of oxidative burst. Thus, fish must adjust their phenotype to survive and equilibrate their energetic budget. However, their energy allocation strategy could imply a reduction in growth which could be deleterious for their fitness. Although the impact of cyclic hypoxia is a major issue for ecosystems and fisheries worldwide, our knowledge on how salmonid deal with high oxygen fluctuations remains limited. Our objective was to characterize the effects of cyclic hypoxia on growth and metabolism in Arctic char. We monitored growth parameters (specific growth rate, condition factor), hepatosomatic and visceral indexes, relative heart mass and hematocrit of Arctic char exposed to 30 days of cyclic hypoxia. We also measured the hepatic protein synthesis rate, hepatic triglycerides as well as muscle glucose, glycogen and lactate and quantified hepatic metabolites during this treatment. The first days of cyclic hypoxia slightly reduce growth performance with a downward trend in specific growth rate in mass and condition factor variation compared to the control group. This acute exposure also induced a profound metabolome reorganization in the liver with an alteration of amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. However, fish rebalanced their metabolic activities and successfully maintained their growth and energetic reserves after 1 month of cyclic hypoxia. These results demonstrate the impressive ability of Arctic char to cope with its changing environment but also highlight a certain vulnerability of this species during the first days of a cyclic hypoxia event.

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北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)面对周期性缺氧的恢复能力和表型可塑性:对生长、能量储存和肝脏代谢的见解。
受气温升高和富营养化等多种因素的影响,北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)正面临着其最南端种群数量下降的问题。这些条件也有利于周期性缺氧的发生,这是对该物种的另一种可能威胁。事实上,缺氧和复氧都会对鱼类造成严重后果,因为它们会改变 ATP 平衡,增加氧化猝灭的风险。因此,鱼类必须调整其表型,以维持生存并平衡其能量预算。然而,它们的能量分配策略可能意味着生长速度的下降,这对它们的适应能力是有害的。尽管周期性缺氧的影响是全球生态系统和渔业的一个主要问题,但我们对鲑鱼如何应对高氧波动的了解仍然有限。我们的目标是描述周期性缺氧对北极红点鲑生长和新陈代谢的影响。我们监测了暴露于 30 天周期性缺氧的北极红点鲑的生长参数(特定生长率、条件因子)、肝脏和内脏指数、相对心脏质量和血细胞比容。我们还测量了肝脏蛋白质合成率、肝脏甘油三酯以及肌肉葡萄糖、糖原和乳酸盐,并对处理过程中的肝脏代谢物进行了量化。与对照组相比,周期性缺氧的最初几天略微降低了生长性能,质量和条件因子变化的特定生长率呈下降趋势。这种急性暴露还引起了肝脏代谢组的深刻重组,改变了氨基酸、碳水化合物和脂质代谢。然而,鱼类在经过 1 个月的周期性缺氧后,重新平衡了它们的代谢活动,成功地维持了生长和能量储备。这些结果表明,北极红点鲑应对不断变化的环境的能力令人印象深刻,但同时也凸显了该物种在周期性缺氧事件的最初几天内的某种脆弱性。
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来源期刊
Conservation Physiology
Conservation Physiology Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
3.70%
发文量
71
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Conservation Physiology is an online only, fully open access journal published on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Biodiversity across the globe faces a growing number of threats associated with human activities. Conservation Physiology will publish research on all taxa (microbes, plants and animals) focused on understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, ecosystems and natural resources respond to environmental change and stressors. Physiology is considered in the broadest possible terms to include functional and mechanistic responses at all scales. We also welcome research towards developing and refining strategies to rebuild populations, restore ecosystems, inform conservation policy, and manage living resources. We define conservation physiology broadly and encourage potential authors to contact the editorial team if they have any questions regarding the remit of the journal.
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