Multi-locus sequence typing and phylogenetics of Cryptococcus neoformans AD hybrids

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY Fungal Genetics and Biology Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI:10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103861

M. Cogliati , P.E. Chidebelu , M. Hitchcock , M. Chen , V. Rickerts , S. Ackermann , M. Desnos Ollivier , J. Inácio , U. Nawrot , M. Florek , K.J. Kwon-Chung , D.-H. Yang , C. Firacative , C.A. Puime , P. Escandon , S. Bertout , F. Roger , J. Xu

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Abstract

Hybrid AD strains of the human pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans species complex have been reported from many parts of the world. However, their origin, diversity, and evolution are incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed 102 AD hybrid strains representing 21 countries on five continents. For each strain, we obtained its mating type and its allelic sequences at each of the seven loci that have been used for genotyping haploid serotypes A and D strains of the species complex by the Cryptococcus research community. Our results showed that most AD hybrids exhibited loss of heterozygosity at one or more of the seven analyzed loci. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of the allelic sequences revealed multiple origins of the hybrids within each continent, dating back to one million years ago in Africa and up to the present in other continents. We found evidence for clonal reproduction and long-distance dispersal of these hybrids in nature. Comparisons with the global haploid serotypes A and D strains identified new alleles and new haploid multi-locus genotypes in AD hybrids, consistent with the presence of yet-to-be discovered genetic diversity in haploid populations of this species complex in nature. Together, our results indicate that AD hybrids can be effectively genotyped using the same multi-locus sequencing type approach as that established for serotypes A and D strains. Our comparisons of the AD hybrids among each other as well as with the global haploid serotypes A and D strains revealed novel genetic diversity as well as evidence for multiple origins and dynamic evolution of these hybrids in nature.

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新隐球菌广告杂交种的多焦点序列分型和系统发生学。

据报道，世界许多地方都出现了人类致病隐球菌新形菌种群的混合 AD 株。然而，人们对它们的起源、多样性和进化还知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们分析了来自五大洲 21 个国家的 102 株 AD 杂交菌株。对于每株菌株，我们都获得了其交配类型及其在七个位点上的等位基因序列，这些位点已被隐球菌研究界用于对该物种复合体的单倍体血清型 A 和 D 菌株进行基因分型。我们的研究结果表明，大多数 AD 杂交种在七个分析位点中的一个或多个位点上表现出杂合性缺失。等位基因序列的系统发育和群体遗传分析表明，杂交种在各大洲有多个起源，在非洲可追溯到一百万年前，在其他大洲则可追溯到现在。我们发现了这些杂交种在自然界中进行克隆繁殖和远距离传播的证据。通过与全球单倍体血清型 A 和 D 株系的比较，我们在 AD 杂交种中发现了新的等位基因和新的单倍体多焦点基因型，这与自然界中该物种群的单倍体种群中存在尚未发现的遗传多样性是一致的。总之，我们的研究结果表明，使用与血清型 A 和 D 菌株相同的多焦点测序类型方法，可以有效地对 AD 杂交种进行基因分型。我们对AD杂交种之间以及与全球单倍体血清型A和D菌株的比较发现了新的遗传多样性，并证明了这些杂交种在自然界中的多重起源和动态进化。

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来源期刊

Fungal Genetics and Biology 生物-遗传学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

85 days

期刊介绍： Fungal Genetics and Biology, formerly known as Experimental Mycology, publishes experimental investigations of fungi and their traditional allies that relate structure and function to growth, reproduction, morphogenesis, and differentiation. This journal especially welcomes studies of gene organization and expression and of developmental processes at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels. The journal also includes suitable experimental inquiries into fungal cytology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, and phylogeny. Fungal Genetics and Biology publishes basic research conducted by mycologists, cell biologists, biochemists, geneticists, and molecular biologists. Research Areas include: • Biochemistry • Cytology • Developmental biology • Evolutionary biology • Genetics • Molecular biology • Phylogeny • Physiology.