Improved models for estimating sporadic-E intensity from GNSS radio occultation measurements

IF 2.6 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI:10.3389/fspas.2023.1327979
Daniel J. Emmons, Dong L. Wu, N. Swarnalingam, Ashar F. Ali, Joseph A. Ellis, Kyle E. Fitch, Kenneth S. Obenberger
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Abstract

Several models for estimating sporadic-E intensity from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) observation have previously been developed using a single perturbation or intensity parameter, such as phase-based total electron content (TEC) or the amplitude-based S4 index. Here, we outline two new models that use a combination of phase and amplitude parameters for the L1 and L2 signals. These models show a significant improvement over the baseline models used for comparison. Furthermore, the GNSS-RO parameters are compared with several different ionosonde intensity parameters including the direct foEs and fbEs measurements along with the metallic-ion based foμEs and fbμEs parameters which account for the background E-region density. Interestingly, the phase-based σϕ scintillation index shows the strongest correlation to foEs and fbEs while amplitude-based S4 shows the strongest correlation to foμEs and fbμEs. While the metallic-ion based foμEs and fbμEs parameters are physically ideal for GNSS-RO observations, we show difficulties in practical implementation due to the reliance on a background E-region density estimate using a model such as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Ultimately, we provide two improved sporadic-E intensity models that can be used for future GNSS-RO based studies along with a recommendation to compare against the ionosonde-based foEs parameter.
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从全球导航卫星系统无线电掩星测量中估算零星辐射强度的改进模型
以前曾开发过几种从全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)无线电掩星观测中估算零星E强度的模型,这些模型使用单一的扰动或强度参数,如基于相位的电子总含量(TEC)或基于振幅的S4指数。在这里,我们概述了两个新模型,它们结合使用了 L1 和 L2 信号的相位和振幅参数。与用于比较的基线模型相比,这些模型显示出明显的改进。此外,我们还将 GNSS-RO 参数与几种不同的电离层强度参数进行了比较,包括直接的 foEs 和 fbEs 测量值,以及基于金属离子的 foμEs 和 fbμEs 参数,后者考虑到了背景 E 区域密度。有趣的是,基于相位的 σϕ 闪烁指数与 foEs 和 fbEs 的相关性最强,而基于振幅的 S4 与 foμEs 和 fbμEs 的相关性最强。虽然基于金属离子的 foμEs 和 fbμEs 参数在物理上非常适合 GNSS-RO 观测,但由于依赖于使用国际参考电离层(IRI)等模型进行背景 E 区域密度估算,我们发现在实际应用中存在困难。最后,我们提供了两个改进的零星电子强度模型,可用于未来基于全球导航卫星系统-RO 的研究,并建议与基于电离层探测仪的 foEs 参数进行比较。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS-
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
13.30%
发文量
363
审稿时长
14 weeks
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