Release of radioactive cesium to the environment during standard npp operations

IF 0.3 4区工程技术 Q4 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Atomic Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.1007/s10512-023-01034-y

D. D. Desyatov, A. A. Ekidin, S. G. Goliboroda

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Abstract

The article analyzes the specific emission and discharge of cesium isotopes at NPPs in the USA, Russia, and Europe for the periods of 2005–2021, 2007–2021, and 1995–2021, respectively. The ranking of NPPs with seven types of reactors according to “best,” “worst,” and “sustainable” categories was carried out. Less than 0.01% of radiation accidents involve radioactive cesium released to the environment due to emissions and discharges of NPPs. Current discharge of ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs equals 8.14 · 10⁻⁷ and 1.94 · 10⁻⁶ GBq/GWh, respectively, while the emission of ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs amounts to 3.97 · 10⁻⁸ and 4.67 · 10⁻⁸ GBq/GWh, respectively (1995–2021 median value). The minimum achievable level (median specific emission and discharge of the “best” category), which can be used to comply with the basic principle of the INPRO methodology, is as follows: ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs discharge and emission are 5.46 · 10⁻⁸ and 1.33 · 10⁻⁷, 9.23 · 10⁻⁹ and 4 · 10⁻⁹ GBq/(GWh), respectively.

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标准核电站运行期间向环境释放放射性铯的情况

文章分析了美国、俄罗斯和欧洲的核电厂在 2005-2021 年、2007-2021 年和 1995-2021 年期间铯同位素的具体排放情况。根据 "最佳"、"最差 "和 "可持续 "类别，对拥有七种反应堆的核电站进行了排名。不到 0.01%的辐射事故涉及核电厂向环境排放的放射性铯。目前 134Cs 和 137Cs 的排放量分别为 8.14 - 10-7 GBq/GWh 和 1.94 - 10-6 GBq/GWh，而 134Cs 和 137Cs 的排放量分别为 3.97 - 10-8 GBq/GWh 和 4.67 - 10-8 GBq/GWh （1995-2021 年中值）。可用于遵守 INPRO 方法基本原则的最低可实现水平（"最佳 "类别的具体排放量和排放量中值）如下：134Cs 和 137Cs 排放量和排放量分别为 5.46 - 10-8 和 1.33 - 10-7、9.23 - 10-9 和 4 - 10-9 GBq/（GWh）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Atomic Energy 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

100

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Atomic Energy publishes papers and review articles dealing with the latest developments in the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Topics include nuclear chemistry and physics, plasma physics, accelerator characteristics, reactor economics and engineering, applications of isotopes, and radiation monitoring and safety.