Sustainability impacts of sediments on the estuary, ports, and fishing communities of Cartagena Bay, Colombian Caribbean

WIREs Water Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1709
M. Tosic, Juan D. Restrepo Ángel
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Abstract

This article reviews research on sediment flux impacts on the receiving estuary, ports, and society in Cartagena, Colombia. The city hosts both the country's largest touristic and coastal industrial sectors and is home to vulnerable coastal communities whose health and livelihoods are impacted by pollution. These marginalized artisanal fishing communities lack basic water and health services but have finally been recognized in a new intersectoral committee for Cartagena Bay's environmental management. To support the governance of these complex socioenvironmental challenges, the Cartagena Bay Observatory has been developed as a scientific tool to monitor the bay's conditions and forecast the effects of future sediment remediation plans. Cartagena Bay receives large freshwater discharges from the Dique Canal, draining from the 260,000 km2 Magdalena River watershed where 80% of the national population resides. This runoff transports sediment loads of 2.3 Mt/year, dispersing large plumes that affect the marine ecosystems and tourism and make the bay one of the Caribbean's largest sediment‐receiving estuaries. Following decades of watershed deforestation and erosion, the upward trending sediment inputs and accretion of the Dique delta have resulted in deposition rates of 1.8 cm/year, and the need for frequent dredging. Mercury dumped by a chemical industry in the 1970s can be found in concentrations as high as 18.8 μg/g buried below the bay's bottom. Mercury has also been found in the bay's biota and human populations, and so the dredging needed for the port's sustainability thereby presents a health risk by allowing this trapped mercury to surface.This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water Quality Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

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沉积物对哥伦比亚加勒比海卡塔赫纳湾河口、港口和渔业社区的可持续性影响
本文回顾了有关沉积物通量对哥伦比亚卡塔赫纳受纳河口、港口和社会影响的研究。卡塔赫纳既是该国最大的旅游城市,也是沿海工业部门的所在地,同时还是脆弱沿海社区的所在地,这些社区的健康和生计受到污染的影响。这些边缘化的手工捕鱼社区缺乏基本的水和医疗服务,但最终在一个新的卡塔赫纳湾环境管理跨部门委员会中得到了认可。为了支持对这些复杂的社会环境挑战进行治理,卡塔赫纳湾观测站已被开发成一种科学工具,用于监测海湾状况和预测未来沉积物整治计划的影响。卡塔赫纳湾从迪克运河(Dique Canal)接受大量淡水排放,这些淡水来自全国 80% 人口居住的 26 万平方公里的马格达莱纳河流域。这些径流每年带来 230 万吨的沉积物,散布的大量泥流影响了海洋生态系统和旅游业,使该海湾成为加勒比地区最大的沉积物接收河口之一。经过数十年的流域森林砍伐和侵蚀,迪克三角洲的沉积物输入和增加呈上升趋势,导致沉积率达到 1.8 厘米/年,因此需要经常疏浚。20 世纪 70 年代,一家化工厂倾倒的汞被发现埋在海湾底部,浓度高达 18.8 微克/克。在海湾的生物群和人类体内也发现了汞,因此港口可持续发展所需的疏浚工作会让这些被困的汞浮出水面,从而对健康造成威胁。
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