Plasma amino acids pecularities and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation

Abstract

Studies targeting small molecule metabolites (amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, lipids) in connections with gut microbiota metabolites that impact the host metabolome give a possibility to define a special metabolic signature of different diseases. Plasma amino acids (AA) profile is known to be a new promising biomarker for the screening of coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis connected with gut dysbiosis. The aim of our study was to estimate the spectrum of plasma amino acids in CAD patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to check their connections with the gut microbiota metabolites. 300 patients were divided into three groups: CAD – 149 patients with CAD but without arrhythmias, CAD+AF – 123 patients with CAD and AF paroxysm and control group– 28 patients without CAD and arrhythmias. Plasma AA level was detected by ion exchange liquid column chromatography. Significant changes in the content of plasma Glutamate, Glutamine, Glycine, Alanine, Valine and Tyrosine and combinations Isoleucine+Leucine/Valine, Glycine+Serine, Glycine/Methionine, Phenylalanine/Tyrosine, Glutamine/Glutamate in CAD+AF patients were detected. A strong reliable connection between plasma AA spectrum and gut microbiota metabolites trimethylamine, trimethylamine-N-oxide and total amount of fecal short chain fatty acids was determined. The highly validated plasma AA combinations Isoleucine – Glycine (area under ROC-curve 0.8122) and Phenylalanine – Glycine (area under ROC-curve 0.8061) that can be used as the early markers of AF paroxysm in CAD patients were proposed. Keywords: atrial fibrillation, cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary artery disease, gut microbiota metabolites, plasma amino acids