Short bowel syndrome: a clinical review

Abstract

Short bowel syndrome (SBS), also referred to as intestinal failure, is characterised by inadequate nutrient absorption due to a reduced small intestine, resulting in the inability to maintain nutritional status through oral intake alone. This condition poses a significant financial burden on the NHS, as many patients require lifelong parental nutrition (PN) to sustain their nutritional stability. The reported mortality rates range from 30–50%, emphasising the importance of supporting and enhancing bowel function and nutrient absorption. After two years of PN, the probability of irreversible intestinal failure reaches 94%, underscoring the critical need for prompt and appropriate treatment. Given its rarity, SBS remains poorly understood by many clinicians, making education of the wider healthcare community essential for timely diagnosis and treatment.