Effects of the angle between the rock strata and slope on flow hydraulics and sediment yield in karst trough valley: laboratory scour experiment

IF 4.3 3区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ACS Applied Electronic Materials Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2023.12.005

Yuqi Zhang, Lan Song, Yunfei Bi, Binghui He, Rongchang Zeng, Tianyang Li

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Abstract

The angle between the exposed bedrock and slope in a karst trough valley strongly affects overland flow behavior, thus, altering the generation of runoff and sediment. However, the directions and magnitudes of these effects remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of the angle between the rock and slope on flow hydraulics, runoff, and sediment yield, as well as their linkages. A laboratory flume scour experiment was done under different combinations of angles between rock strata and slope (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°), flow discharge rates (5, 7.5, and 10 L/min) and slope gradients (10°, 15°, and 20°) to simulate the field environment in a karst trough valley. The flow hydraulics (Reynolds number, flow velocity, flow depth, and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor), sediment yield, sediment concentration, and runoff rate were determined. The results showed that with increasing scour duration, the Reynolds number and flow velocity decreased but the flow depth and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor increased. The angle between the rock strata and slope significantly affected the flow velocity and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, while slightly affecting the flow depth and Reynolds number. Over the scour duration, the runoff rate first increased and remained at a steady state but the sediment concentration and sediment yield rate first increased and then sharply decreased to a steady state. The sediment concentration and sediment yield rate both significantly decreased as the angle between the rock strata and slope increased. The runoff rate was closely linked to the flow velocity and Darcy-Weisbach friction factor as well as the sediment yield rate and sediment concentration. The current results indicate that the angle between the rock strata and the slope should be considered an important parameter when developing a soil erosion prediction model for karst trough valleys.

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岩层与斜坡之间的角度对岩溶槽谷水流水力学和泥沙产量的影响：实验室冲刷实验

岩溶槽谷中裸露基岩与斜坡之间的角度会对陆地流的行为产生强烈影响，从而改变径流和沉积物的产生。然而，这些影响的方向和程度仍不清楚。本研究旨在调查岩石与斜坡之间的角度对水流水力学、径流和泥沙量的影响，以及它们之间的联系。为模拟岩溶槽谷的野外环境，在岩层与斜坡的不同角度组合（0°、30°、60°、90°、120°和 150°）、流量（5、7.5 和 10 升/分钟）和斜坡坡度（10°、15°和 20°）下进行了实验室水槽冲刷实验。测定了水流水力学（雷诺数、流速、流深和达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦因数）、泥沙产量、泥沙浓度和径流量。结果表明，随着冲刷持续时间的增加，雷诺数和流速降低，但水流深度和达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦因数增加。岩层与斜坡之间的夹角对流速和达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦因数有明显影响，而对水流深度和雷诺数影响较小。在冲刷持续时间内，径流量先增加后保持稳定，但泥沙浓度和泥沙产率先增加后急剧下降至稳定状态。随着岩层与斜坡之间夹角的增大，泥沙浓度和泥沙产率都明显下降。径流量与流速和达西-韦斯巴赫摩擦因数以及泥沙产流率和泥沙浓度密切相关。目前的研究结果表明，在建立岩溶槽谷水土流失预测模型时，岩层与斜坡之间的夹角应被视为一个重要参数。

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