Who gets the treat: Interspecific interactions between red squirrels and corvids in an urban park

IF 1.1 4区 生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES acta ethologica Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI:10.1007/s10211-023-00432-6
Agata Beliniak, Dagny Krauze-Gryz
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Abstract

Squirrels and some corvids have successfully adapted to urban conditions. Their populations are often more abundant in city parks than in rural areas. These species may compete, especially in terms of food resources. We studied interactions between corvids (hooded crows and rooks) and red squirrels inhabiting urban park, mostly in relation to supplementary food utilisation in Poland. The study included the following: (a) feeding trials, when squirrels were offered hazelnuts and all stealing attempts by other animals were noted; (b) direct observations of groups of animals (at least one squirrel and one corvid species) with all behaviours being recorded. During the feeding trial, and with constant corvid presence, corvids tried to steal almost every third nut cached by squirrels. Regardless of the season, the share of nuts that corvids tried to steal was similar. When the feeding trial proceeded, more squirrels joined in order to obtain food. On the contrary, the presence of corvids seemed to refrain other corvids from joining the trial. The presence of a bird/squirrel audience did not result in more deceptive caches. During direct observations, squirrels interacted mostly with corvids, and less often with people or other squirrels. The most frequent interaction of squirrels with other animals was flight and chasing away; for corvids, it was chasing and following or attempting to steal food. Overall, we showed that corvids can be food competitors and kleptoparasites for red squirrels. Red squirrels, with whom people often have affinity relationships, benefited from direct supplementary feeding. Corvids, in turn, learnt to follow red squirrels to steal human-delivered nuts.

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谁得到了美味:城市公园中红松鼠与鸦科鸟类的种间互动
松鼠和一些鸦科动物已经成功地适应了城市环境。它们在城市公园中的数量往往比在农村地区更多。这些物种可能会相互竞争,尤其是在食物资源方面。在波兰,我们研究了栖息在城市公园中的鸦科动物(帽乌鸦和乌鸦)与红松鼠之间的相互作用,主要与补充食物的利用有关。研究包括以下内容:(a) 喂食试验,向松鼠提供榛子,并记录其他动物的所有偷窃行为;(b) 直接观察动物群体(至少有一只松鼠和一种鸦科动物),并记录所有行为。在喂食试验期间,由于一直有鸦科动物存在,鸦科动物几乎每隔三个松鼠贮藏的坚果就试图偷吃一个。无论季节如何,鸦科鸟类试图偷吃的坚果份额都差不多。当喂食试验继续进行时,更多的松鼠加入到获取食物的行列中。相反,鸦科动物的存在似乎会阻止其他鸦科动物加入试验。鸟类/松鼠观众的存在并没有导致更多的欺骗性藏匿。在直接观察过程中,松鼠主要与鸦科动物互动,而较少与人或其他松鼠互动。松鼠与其他动物最常见的互动方式是逃跑和追逐;而与食鸟的互动方式则是追逐和跟随或试图偷吃食物。总之,我们的研究表明,鸟类可能是红松鼠的食物竞争者和偷食者。红松鼠通常与人有亲缘关系,它们从直接补充喂食中获益。反过来,鸦科动物也学会了跟踪红松鼠,偷吃人类送来的坚果。
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来源期刊
acta ethologica
acta ethologica 生物-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: acta ethologica publishes empirical and theoretical research papers, short communications, commentaries, reviews and book reviews as well as methods papers in the field of ethology and related disciplines, with a strong concentration on the behavior biology of humans and other animals. The journal places special emphasis on studies integrating proximate (mechanisms, development) and ultimate (function, evolution) levels in the analysis of behavior. Aspects of particular interest include: adaptive plasticity of behavior, inter-individual and geographic variations in behavior, mechanisms underlying behavior, evolutionary processes and functions of behavior, and many other topics. acta ethologica is an official journal of ISPA, CRL and the Portuguese Ethological Society (SPE)
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