{"title":"Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies.","authors":"Rohit Singh, Pankaj Chandley, Soma Rohatgi","doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94037,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoHorizons","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759153/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ImmunoHorizons","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
mAbs 是诊断、预防和治疗应用中不可或缺的重要工具。第一种技术是杂交瘤技术,它基于 B 淋巴细胞与骨髓瘤细胞的融合,从而产生针对特定抗原的单一 mAb。除杂交瘤技术外,人们还开发了几种新的替代方法来改进 mAb 的生成,从电融合到发现全新的技术,如 B 细胞永生化;噬菌体、酵母、细菌、核糖体和哺乳动物展示系统;DNA/RNA 编码的抗体;单 B 细胞技术;转基因动物;以及人工智能/机器学习。本评论概述了各种 mAb 生产技术的演变、方法、优势和局限性。此外,随着单链可变片段、纳米抗体、双特异性抗体、Fc-工程化抗体、抗体生物仿制药、抗体模拟物和抗体-药物共轭物等新一代抗体技术的出现,医疗保健和制药行业已经可以开发出针对癌症、自身免疫性疾病和传染性疾病等各种疾病的高度特异性 mAb 治疗方法。